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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

634 questions · 675 findings · 72 reviews

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No studies found 155 · 23%GRADE not reported 50 · 7.4%Very low 144 · 21.3%Low 166 · 24.6%Moderate 119 · 17.6%High 41 · 6.1%

Antihypertensive drug class vs placebo

Beta‐blocker/thiazide combination (any dose) Mean duration of 10 weeks · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes
2 findings from 1 review

Blood pressure intervention/intensive blood pressure intervention vs placebo/standard blood pressure intervention

Adverse events: hypotension · type 1 or type 2 diabetics

Blood pressure intervention/intensive blood pressure intervention may leads to higher adverse events—hypotension compared with placebo/standard blood pressure intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis)

Death (all causes) · people with diabetes and kidney disease

Angiotensin receptor blockers showed no clear difference in all‐cause death Median compared with angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis)

Cardiovascular mortality · people with diabetes and kidney disease

Angiotensin receptor blockers showed no clear difference in cardiovascular death Median compared with angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis)

Doubling of SCr Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease

Angiotensin receptor blockers showed no clear difference in doubling of SCr Median compared with angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis)

Fatal or nonfatal stroke · people with diabetes and kidney disease

Angiotensin receptor blockers showed no clear difference in fatal or nonfatal stroke Median compared with angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis)

Fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction · people with diabetes and kidney disease

Angiotensin receptor blockers showed no clear difference in fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction Median compared with angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis)

Micro‐ to macroalbuminuria Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease

Angiotensin receptor blockers showed no clear difference in micro‐ to macroalbuminuria Median compared with angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis)

Micro‐ to normoalbuminuria Median · people with diabetes and kidney disease

Angiotensin receptor blockers showed no clear difference in micro‐ to normoalbuminuria Median compared with angiotensin‐converting‐enzyme inhibitors (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy vs control

Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity Mean duration of 3.7 years · adults aged 18‐59 years with primary hypertension (mild to moderate systolic or diastolic hypertension)

Antihypertensive drug therapy may leads to lower total cardiovascular mortality + morbidity compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy vs control

Coronary heart disease mortality + morbidity · adults aged 18‐59 years with primary hypertension (mild to moderate systolic or diastolic hypertension)

Antihypertensive drug therapy showed no clear difference in coronary heart disease mortality + morbidity compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy vs control

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults aged 18‐59 years with primary hypertension (mild to moderate systolic or diastolic hypertension)

It is very uncertain whether antihypertensive drug therapy changes withdrawal due to adverse events compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High-intensity sweeteners other than stevia (aspartame, sucralose, saccharin) in food products vs Any comparator (dietary sugar, no treatment, or other sweetener)

Effects of non-stevia high-intensity sweeteners (aspartame, sucralose, saccharin) on cariogenic bacteria in dental plaque or saliva · healthy people

No eligible studies evaluated high-intensity sweeteners such as aspartame, sucralose, or saccharin for their effect on cariogenic bacteria.

1 finding from 1 review