Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

634 questions · 675 findings · 72 reviews

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No studies found 155 · 23%GRADE not reported 50 · 7.4%Very low 144 · 21.3%Low 166 · 24.6%Moderate 119 · 17.6%High 41 · 6.1%

Intensive vs less intensive continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)

Mortality: patients without sepsis · patients with AKI who need CRRT

Intensive showed no clear difference in mortality: patients without sepsis compared with less intensive continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intensity of continuous renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.69, 1.15]
4 studies · 1216 participants
Low

Intensive vs less intensive continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)

Mortality: patients with AKI related to cardiac or general surgery · patients with AKI who need CRRT

Intensive leads to lower mortality: patients with AKI related to cardiac or general surgery compared with less intensive continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intensity of continuous renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.73 [0.61, 0.88]
2 studies · 531 participants
High

Intensive vs less intensive continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)

Mortality: patients with AKI not related to surgery · patients with AKI who need CRRT

Intensive showed no clear difference in mortality: patients with AKI not related to surgery compared with less intensive continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intensity of continuous renal replacement therapy for acute kidney injury 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.73, 1.2]
3 studies · 1871 participants
Low

Any antihypertensive drug vs no antihypertensive drugs/placebo

Maternal · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Any antihypertensive drug vs no antihypertensive drugs/placebo

Severe pre‐eclampsia · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether any antihypertensive drug changes severe pre‐eclampsia compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.56 [0.15, 2.02]
3 studies · 416 participants
Very low

Any antihypertensive drug vs no antihypertensive drugs/placebo

Eclampsia · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether any antihypertensive drug changes eclampsia compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.52 [0.13, 2.06]
7 studies · 713 participants
Very low

Any antihypertensive drug vs no antihypertensive drugs/placebo

Changed/stopped drugs due to maternal side‐effects · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy

Any antihypertensive drug showed no clear difference in changed/stopped drugs due to maternal side‐effects compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.93 [0.92, 4.06]
16 studies · 1503 participants
Low

Any antihypertensive drug vs no antihypertensive drugs/placebo

Elective delivery (induction of labour + elective caesarean section) · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy

Any antihypertensive drug showed no clear difference in elective delivery (induction of labour + elective caesarean section) compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.84, 1.04]
4 studies · 710 participants
Moderate

Any antihypertensive drug vs no antihypertensive drugs/placebo

Fetal/neonatal/infant · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Any antihypertensive drug vs no antihypertensive drugs/placebo

Proteinuria/pre‐eclampsia · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy

Any antihypertensive drug showed no clear difference in proteinuria/pre‐eclampsia compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.75, 1.14]
23 studies · 2851 participants
Low

Any antihypertensive drug vs no antihypertensive drugs/placebo

Total reported fetal or neonatal deaths (including miscarriage) · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy

Any antihypertensive drug showed no clear difference in total reported fetal or neonatal deaths (including miscarriage) compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.5, 1.04]
29 studies · 3365 participants
Moderate

Any antihypertensive drug vs no antihypertensive drugs/placebo

Small‐for‐gestational age · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy

Any antihypertensive drug showed no clear difference in small‐for‐gestational age compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.78, 1.18]
21 studies · 2686 participants
Moderate

Any antihypertensive drug vs no antihypertensive drugs/placebo

Preterm birth · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy

Any antihypertensive drug showed no clear difference in preterm birth (< 37 weeks) compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.83, 1.12]
15 studies · 2141 participants
Moderate

Any antihypertensive drug vs no antihypertensive drugs/placebo

Maternal death · women with mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether any antihypertensive drug changes maternal death compared with no antihypertensive drugs/placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy for mild to moderate hypertension during pregnancy 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.11 [0.18, 7.02]
5 studies · 525 participants
Very low

Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling

Proportion of participants diagnosed with hypertension at trial completion · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Effect of periodontal treatments on blood pressure 2021 · Cochrane All outcomes
No included study in this comparison reported the proportion of participants diagnosed with hypertension at trial completion.
Studies not reported
No studies found

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs ARB

Total mortality · people with primary hypertension

All angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors showed no clear difference in total mortality compared with all angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors versus angiotensin receptor blockers for primary hypertension 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.88, 1.1]
5 studies · 10248 participants
Moderate

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs ARB

Cardiovascular events · people with primary hypertension

All angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors showed no clear difference in total cardiovascular events compared with all angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors versus angiotensin receptor blockers for primary hypertension 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.07 [0.96, 1.19]
3 studies · 5499 participants
Low

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs ARB

Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with primary hypertension

All angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors leads to lower withdrawal due to adverse effects compared with all angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors versus angiotensin receptor blockers for primary hypertension 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.83 [0.74, 0.93]
8 studies · 10963 participants
High

Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus ‐ strict glycaemic targets vs less‐tight glycaemic targets (maternal outcomes)

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy · women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Intensity of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes… showed no clear difference in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (including pre‐eclampsia,… compared with less‐tight glycaemic targets (maternal outcomes) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different intensities of glycaemic control for women with gestational diabetes mellitus 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.16 [0.8, 1.69]
2 studies · 1491 participants
Low

Any antihypertensive drug vs placebo or no treatment

Total mortality Mean duration of 3.8 years · adults 60 years or older with primary hypertension

Antihypertensive drug leads to lower total mortality Mean duration of 3.8 years compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacotherapy for hypertension in adults 60 years or older 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.85, 0.97]
13 studies · 25932 participants
High