Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

6 questions · 7 findings · 4 reviews

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 2 · 28.6%Moderate 5 · 71.4%High 0 · 0%

Inhaled steroids vs systemic corticosteroids

Death or BPD (28 days) · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in death or BPD at 28 days compared with systemic corticosteroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.93, 1.2]
2 studies · 294 participants
Low

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks PMA · Neonates with developing BPD

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in death or BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04 [0.86, 1.26]
1 study · 292 participants
Moderate
Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.83, 1.05]
1 study · 78 participants
Low

Inhaled steroids vs systemic steroids

Death or moderate/severe disability at 7 years · Neonates with developing BPD

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in death or moderate/severe disability at 7 years compared with systemic steroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.65, 1.58]
1 study · 107 participants
Moderate

Inhaled steroids vs systemic corticosteroids

BPD or death at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age№ of participants: 0 (0 RCTs) · preterm infants with respiratory distress for initial respiratory support

Inhaled steroids showed no clear difference in death or BPD at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age among all randomised compared with systemic corticosteroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [0.88, 1.35]
1 study · 278 participants
Moderate

Early inhaled steroids (< 2 weeks) vs placebo (among all randomised)

Death by, or CLD at, 36 weeks' PMA Death or oxygen dependency at 36 weeks' PMA · very low birth weight preterm neonates

Early inhaled steroids (< 2 weeks) probably leads to lower death by, or CLD at, 36 weeks' PMA Death or oxygen dependency at 36… compared with placebo (among all randomised) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Early administration of inhaled corticosteroids for preventing chronic lung disease in very low birth weight preterm… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.75, 0.99]
6 studies · 1285 participants
Moderate

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Admission to hospital or death · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care probably leads to lower admission to hospital or death compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids for the treatment of COVID‐19 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.72 [0.51, 0.99]
2 studies · 2025 participants
Moderate