Dental caries · School children aged 11-17 years in Sharjah
Higher paternal education was associated with lower DMFT.
1 finding from 1 review
Dental caries in children · Children (approx. 4-18 years)
Waist circumference was not significantly associated with childhood dental caries (pooled OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.30; I2=47.7%); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children aged 0-5 years in North Africa
Paternal tertiary education was associated with lower odds of ECC (OR 0.381).
3 findings from 1 review
OR 0.381 [0.16, 0.91]
1 study
GRADE not reported
OR 0.083 [0.03, 0.21]
1 study
GRADE not reported
OR 0.797 [0.171, 0.650]
1 study
GRADE not reported
Spontaneous space closure · Children and adolescents after extraction of a mandibular permanent first molar (before eruption of the second molar)
In the mandible, mean patient age was not significantly associated with space closure odds (OR 0.59 per year; not GRADE-rated).
1 finding from 1 review
Oral health-related quality of life · Adolescents (10-19 years)
Higher parental education is associated with better OHRQoL in adolescents (narrative synthesis; no pooled estimate or GRADE rating).
1 finding from 1 review
Alzheimer’s disease · Participants in observational studies
The meta-analysis of observational studies reported a SMD (to OR) of 0.08 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.63) for higher versus lower circulating vitamin D concentration.
1 finding from 1 review
Aggressive prostate cancer · Participants in observational studies
The meta-analysis of observational studies reported a OR of 0.88 (95% CI 0.68 to 1.15) for higher versus lower circulating vitamin D concentration.
1 finding from 1 review
Tuberculosis · Participants in observational studies
The meta-analysis of observational studies reported a SMD (to OR) of 0.29 (95% CI 0.19 to 0.46) for higher versus lower circulating vitamin D concentration.
1 finding from 1 review
Fracture · Participants in observational studies
The meta-analysis of observational studies reported a SMD (to OR) of 0.31 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.42) for higher versus lower circulating vitamin D concentration.
1 finding from 1 review
All cause mortality (in CKD patients) · Participants in observational studies
The meta-analysis of observational studies reported a RR of 0.88 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.93) for higher versus lower circulating vitamin D concentration.
1 finding from 1 review
Odds of higher caries (DMFT) category · 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022)
Higher national income was strongly associated with lower odds of poor oral health (OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.37; about 90% lower odds); not GRADE-rated.
1 finding from 1 review
Early childhood caries (ECC) · Preschool children (<6 years)
Higher sugar consumption is associated with early childhood caries in children under 6 years: pooled OR 1.59 (95% CI 1.50 to 1.68) from 9 cohort studies with no heterogeneity (I2=0%); the body of evidence was not GRADE-rated (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Caries experience (mean DMFT) · 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022)
Mean DMFT in 12-year-olds rises as national income falls: 0.90 (very high income), 2.38 (high income), 3.30 (middle income) (Figure 2); not GRADE-rated.
3 findings from 1 review
Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A… 2025 All outcomesCross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · European countries stratified by World Bank GNI per capita (modified 3-category); test of group differences Q_b(2)=51.35, p<0.01 · Very high income (GNI >$25,000)
MEAN 0.90 [0.66, 1.15]
14 studies
GRADE not reported
Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A… 2025 All outcomesCross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · European countries stratified by World Bank GNI per capita (modified 3-category); test of group differences Q_b(2)=51.35, p<0.01 · High income (GNI $15,001-25,000)
MEAN 2.38 [1.78, 2.97]
8 studies
GRADE not reported
Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A… 2025 All outcomesCross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · European countries stratified by World Bank GNI per capita (modified 3-category); test of group differences Q_b(2)=51.35, p<0.01 · Middle income (GNI <=$15,000)
MEAN 3.30 [2.57, 4.03]
12 studies
GRADE not reported
Oral health-related quality of life · Adolescents (10-19 years)
Higher family income / better socioeconomic status is associated with better OHRQoL in adolescents (narrative synthesis; no pooled estimate or GRADE rating).
1 finding from 1 review
Oral-health-related quality of life in adolescents: umbrella review. 2023 All outcomesCommunity/school/clinic settings; adolescents 10-19 years; included reviews conducted in multiple countries
Adolescents from families with higher incomes and higher levels of maternal education have better OHRQoL scores [34]. Worse oral health status, older age, female sex and worse socioeconomic status were significantly…
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Prostate cancer · Participants in observational studies
The meta-analysis of observational studies reported a OR of 0.99 (95% CI 0.87 to 1.12) for higher versus lower circulating vitamin D concentration.
1 finding from 1 review
Breast cancer · Participants in observational studies
The meta-analysis of observational studies reported a OR of 0.99 (95% CI 0.68 to 1.47) for higher versus lower circulating vitamin D concentration.
1 finding from 1 review
Dental caries in children · Children (approx. 4-18 years)
Pooling studies that used BMI as a continuous variable showed no significant association between per-unit BMI and childhood dental caries (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.03; I2=3.5%); ungraded.
3 findings from 1 review
Dental caries · Healthy children and adolescents in the United Arab Emirates
Higher snacking and soft-drink/sugar consumption were associated with more caries in most studies, though one study found no association with sweet-consumption frequency (narrative synthesis; not GRADE-rated).
1 finding from 1 review
Soft drink consumption (Khadri et al.: 0.31, 95% CI 0.14-0.47) and a high extent of snacking (Hashim et al.: high vs low snack level aRR 1.46, 95% CI 1.26-1.70; snacking >=3x vs once daily aRR 1.25, 1.00-1.57) were…
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Caries experience (mean DMFT) · 12-year-old children across European countries (national/regional epidemiological surveys, 2011-2022)
Countries with higher per-capita dental expenditure had lower mean DMFT (>$100: 0.96; $51-100: 2.14; $0-50: 3.06) (Figure 4); not GRADE-rated.
3 findings from 1 review
Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A… 2025 All outcomesCross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · European countries stratified by OECD per-capita dental health-care expenditure (USD); test of group differences Q_b(2)=30.51, p<0.01; expenditure-stratified overall pooled DMFT 2.10 (95% CI 1.61-2.59), 32 countries · $0-50 per capita
MEAN 3.06 [2.32, 3.79]
14 studies
GRADE not reported
Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A… 2025 All outcomesCross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · European countries stratified by OECD per-capita dental health-care expenditure (USD); test of group differences Q_b(2)=30.51, p<0.01; expenditure-stratified overall pooled DMFT 2.10 (95% CI 1.61-2.59), 32 countries · >$100 per capita
MEAN 0.96 [0.64, 1.28]
12 studies
GRADE not reported
Caries status in 12-year-old children, geographical location and socioeconomic conditions across European countries: A… 2025 All outcomesCross-sectional (survey data 2011-2022) · European countries stratified by OECD per-capita dental health-care expenditure (USD); test of group differences Q_b(2)=30.51, p<0.01; expenditure-stratified overall pooled DMFT 2.10 (95% CI 1.61-2.59), 32 countries · $51-100 per capita
MEAN 2.14 [1.40, 2.89]
6 studies
GRADE not reported
Prostate cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Prostate cancer: OR 1.04 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.09), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review