What do systematic reviews say?

Exercise vs no exercise

• Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adult patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 433 participants
  Very low

Exercise vs no exercise

• Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation in heart transplant recipients 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 120 participants
  Moderate

Exercise vs no exercise

• Physical exercise for people with cirrhosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 81 participants
  Low

Exercise vs control

• Exercise for women receiving adjuvant therapy for breast cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 68 participants
  Low

Exercise vs control

• Exercise interventions for adults after liver transplantation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 169 participants
  Very low

NMES and exercise vs exercise (with or without sham NMES)

• Neuromuscular electrostimulation for adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 122 participants
  Very low

Flexibility exercise training vs aerobic exercise training

• Flexibility exercise training for adults with fibromyalgia 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 193 participants
  Very low

Physical exercise training vs no exercise

• Exercise training for advanced lung cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 90 participants
  Low

Physical exercise training vs no exercise

• Exercise training for advanced lung cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 73 participants
  Low

Exercise vs control group

• Exercise training undertaken by people within 12 months of lung resection for non‐small cell lung cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 208 participants
  Low

Exercise vs control group

• Exercise training undertaken by people within 12 months of lung resection for non‐small cell lung cancer 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 208 participants
  Low

Exercise plus usual care vs usual care

• Exercise for cancer cachexia in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 20 participants
  Very low

Exercise vs usual care

• Exercise therapies for preventing or treating aromatase inhibitor‐induced musculoskeletal symptoms in early breast… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 123 participants
  Very low

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation vs usual care

• Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for people with implantable ventricular assist devices 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 37 participants
  Very low

Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation vs usual care

• Exercise‐based cardiac rehabilitation for adults with stable angina 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 94 participants
  Very low

Exercise vs control (e.g. usual activities)

• Exercise for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  15 studies · 3172 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table for metformin plus intensive diet and exercise vs intensive diet and exercise

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Metformin for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons at increased… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training vs exercise training alone or exercise training with sham non‐invasive ventilation

• Non‐invasive ventilation during exercise training for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 48 participants
  Moderate

Ventilation feedback training plus exercise vs exercise

• Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 73 participants
  Moderate

Physical exercise training vs usual care

• Physical exercise training interventions for children and young adults during and after treatment for childhood cancer 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 28 participants
  Low