Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

61 questions · 67 findings · 24 reviews

No studies found 1 · 1.5%GRADE not reported 2 · 3%Very low 21 · 31.3%Low 10 · 14.9%Moderate 20 · 29.9%High 13 · 19.4%

Oral corticosteroids vs placebo or NSAID

Proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days 3 to 7 · patients with acute sinusitis

Oral corticosteroids probably leads to higher proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days… compared with placebo or NSAID (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Oral corticosteroids vs placebo or NSAID

Proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days 4 to 14 · patients with acute sinusitis

Oral corticosteroids probably leads to higher proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days… compared with placebo or NSAID (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Oral corticosteroids vs placebo or NSAID

Proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days 4 to 14 ‐ Co‐treatment with antibiotics · patients with acute sinusitis

Oral corticosteroids may leads to higher proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days… compared with placebo or NSAID (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic corticosteroids vs placebo or no corticosteroids

Mortality within the longest · adults diagnosed with coronary artery disease or cardiac valve disease, and candidates for cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass

Prophylactic corticosteroids showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (during the index hospital admission, or within… compared with placebo or no corticosteroids (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intramuscular corticosteroids vs oral corticosteroid

Relapse · patients with acute asthma

Intramuscular corticosteroids showed no clear difference in relapse within 10 days post‐discharge compared with oral corticosteroids (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Corticosteroids (dexamethasone) vs placebo

Number of days of antibiotic treatment ‐ number of days of intravenous antibiotic treatment · septic arthritis in children taking antibiotics

Corticosteroids (dexamethasone) showed no clear difference in number of days of antibiotic treatment ‐ number of days of… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care vs placebo or usual care

Resolution of symptoms · adults with a confirmed diagnosis of mild COVID‐19, of whom only 10% (219/2132) participants had received ≥ 1 vaccination

Inhaled corticosteroids plus standard care probably leads to higher symptom resolution: all initial symptoms resolved at day 14 compared with standard care (with or without placebo) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids vs placebo or no treatment

Neonatal death (baby born alive at any gestation and dies within 28 days) · infants born of women at risk of preterm birth

Neonatal and child outcomes: corticosteroids leads to lower neonatal death (infants born with signs of life who die within the… compared with placebo or no treatment (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled corticosteroids vs placebo

Respiratory exacerbations: number of days on intravenous antibiotics for respiratory exacerbations · adults and children with cystic fibrosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: inhaled corticosteroids changes respiratory exacerbations: number of days on intravenous antibiotics… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Standard treatment plus systemic corticosteroids vs usual care

Severity of pain on day 3 · patients age 10 years and older with periorbital or orbital cellulitis

It is very uncertain whether standard treatment plus systemic corticosteroids changes severity of pain on day 3 compared with standard treatment alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Strategies to increase use of antenatal corticosteroids vs usual care

Neonatal death (death within the first 28 days of life) · women at risk of preterm birth

Strategies to increase use of antenatal corticosteroids probably leads to higher neonatal death before 28 days (at population level) compared with routine (usual) care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review