What do systematic reviews say?

Calcium vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo

Vitamin D plus calcium showed no clear difference in adverse events: serum calcium above normal compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Drugs for preventing lung cancer in healthy people 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.98 [0.6, 14.74]
  1 study · 2197 participants
  Low

Pair‐wise comparison of exchange blood transfusion (EBT) plus 10% calcium gluconate intravenously vs EBT alone (change from baseline)

• Prophylactic intravenous calcium therapy for exchange blood transfusion in the newborn 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

Pair‐wise comparison of exchange blood transfusion (EBT) plus 10% calcium gluconate intravenously vs EBT alone (change from baseline)

• Prophylactic intravenous calcium therapy for exchange blood transfusion in the newborn 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

Vitamin D plus calcium vs calcium

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D plus calcium changes healing of rickets (number) Definition: normal alkaline phosphatase… compared with calcium (very low certainty).

• Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.17 [0.72, 1.9]
  2 studies · 140 participants
  Very low

Vitamin D plus calcium vs calcium

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D plus calcium changes morbidity (number) Definition: fractures compared with calcium (very low certainty).

• Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.06, 13.76]
  1 study · 72 participants
  Very low

Vitamin D plus calcium vs calcium

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D plus calcium changes adverse events (number) Asymptomatic hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria compared with calcium (very low certainty).

• Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 4.29 [0.22, 83.57]
  1 study · 37 participants
  Very low

Vitamin D plus calcium vs calcium

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Vitamin D plus calcium vs calcium

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Vitamin D plus calcium vs calcium

• Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 participants
  GRADE not reported

Vitamin D plus calcium vs calcium

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in children 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs no calcium supplementation

• Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of human milk for preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 40 participants
  Low

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs no calcium supplementation

• Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of human milk for preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 40 participants
  Low

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs no calcium supplementation

• Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of human milk for preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 40 participants
  Low

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs no calcium supplementation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of human milk for preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs no calcium supplementation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of human milk for preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs no calcium supplementation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of human milk for preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs no calcium supplementation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of human milk for preterm infants 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo or no intervention

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in preterm birth (a) Birth prior to 37 weeks compared with placebo or no treatment (maternal outcomes) (moderate certainty).

• Calcium supplementation (other than for preventing or treating hypertension) for improving pregnancy and infant outcomes 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.7, 1.05]
  13 studies · 16139 participants
  Moderate

Calcium supplementation/fortification vs placebo or no intervention

Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in preterm birth (b) Birth prior to 34 weeks compared with placebo or no treatment (maternal outcomes) (moderate certainty).

• Calcium supplementation (other than for preventing or treating hypertension) for improving pregnancy and infant outcomes 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.8, 1.36]
  4 studies · 5669 participants
  Moderate