Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

76 questions · 76 findings · 33 reviews

No studies found 15 · 19.7%GRADE not reported 9 · 11.8%Very low 24 · 31.6%Low 18 · 23.7%Moderate 8 · 10.5%High 2 · 2.6%

Antibiotic 1 vs antibiotic 2

Adverse events: cotrimoxazole (1) versus cefprozil (2) · children with primarily normal renal tracts who have experienced at least one UTI

Antibiotic 1 showed no clear difference in adverse events: cotrimoxazole (1) versus cefprozil (2) compared with antibiotic 2 (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic 1 vs antibiotic 2

Adverse events: nitrofurantoin (1) versus trimethoprim (2) · children with primarily normal renal tracts who have experienced at least one UTI

Antibiotic 1 may leads to higher adverse events: nitrofurantoin (1) versus trimethoprim (2) compared with antibiotic 2 (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo

Serious adverse events WMD of · Adults (aged 40 or over) with COPD presenting with 1 or more exacerbations in the previous year. The 2 larger studies (Albert 2011; Sethi…

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in serious adverse events WMD of compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs no drug or placebo

Other adverse events clinical criteria · patients with Shigella dysentery

It is very uncertain whether antibiotic changes other adverse events clinical criteria compared with no drug or placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo compared

Adverse effects of antibiotics · children, aged 2 to 59 months, with WHO‐defined non‐severe pneumonia and wheeze

Antibiotic therapy showed no clear difference in treatment harms (adverse events or side effects associated with… compared with placebo compared to placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review