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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
432 questions in 71 reviews · Neonatal
current versionsNo studies 432 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Comparison 2: 2 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin followed by 5 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin Sepsis‐specific neonatal mortality · neonates with possible serious bacterial infections Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 2: 2 days oral amoxicillin + injectable gentamicin followed by 5 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin Early neonatal mortality · neonates with possible serious bacterial infection Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 2: 2 days oral amoxicillin + injectable gentamicin followed by 5 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin Late neonatal mortality · neonates with possible serious bacterial infection Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 2: 2 days oral amoxicillin + injectable gentamicin followed by 5 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin Sepsis‐specific neonatal mortality · neonates with possible serious bacterial infection Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 2: 7 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin Early neonatal mortality · neonates with fast breathing alone Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 2: 7 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin Late neonatal mortality · neonates with fast breathing alone Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 2: 7 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin Sepsis‐specific neonatal mortality · neonates with fast breathing alone Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Community health educational interventions vs control aInconsistency. · developing countries Community‐based maternal and newborn educational care packages for improving neonatal health and survival in… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Needle aspiration (needle removed immediately after aspiration) vs intercostal tube drainage Mortality neonatal (first 28 days of life) ‐ not reported · patients with pneumothorax in the newborn Needle aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for pneumothorax in the newborn (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Needle aspiration (needle or angiocatheter left in situ) vs intercostal tube drainage Haemothorax ‐ not reported · patients with pneumothorax in the newborn Needle aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for pneumothorax in the newborn (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Needle aspiration (needle removed immediately after aspiration) vs intercostal tube drainage Successful evacuation of extra‐pleural air ‐ not reported · patients with pneumothorax in the newborn Needle aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for pneumothorax in the newborn (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Needle aspiration (needle removed immediately after aspiration) vs intercostal tube drainage Bleeding from incision for the insertion of the needle or the tube ‐ not reported · patients with pneumothorax in the newborn Needle aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for pneumothorax in the newborn (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Needle aspiration (needle removed immediately after aspiration) vs intercostal tube drainage Haemothorax ‐ not reported · patients with pneumothorax in the newborn Needle aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for pneumothorax in the newborn (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Needle aspiration (needle or angiocatheter left in situ) vs intercostal tube drainage Mortality neonatal (first 28 days of life) ‐ not reported · patients with pneumothorax in the newborn Needle aspiration versus intercostal tube drainage for pneumothorax in the newborn (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR True positives (infants with late‐onset infection) C‐reactive protein for diagnosing late‐onset infection in newborn infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR False negatives (infants incorrectly classified as not having late‐onset infection) C‐reactive protein for diagnosing late‐onset infection in newborn infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR True negatives (infants without late‐onset infection) C‐reactive protein for diagnosing late‐onset infection in newborn infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR False positives (infants incorrectly classified as having late‐onset infection) C‐reactive protein for diagnosing late‐onset infection in newborn infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR CI: confidence interval. C‐reactive protein for diagnosing late‐onset infection in newborn infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Naloxone vs placebo or no drug Admission to neonatal intensive or special care unit ‐ not reported · opioid‐exposed newborn infants Naloxone for opioid‐exposed newborn infants (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Naloxone vs placebo or no drug Duration of neonatal intensive or special care unit stay ‐ not reported · opioid‐exposed newborn infants Naloxone for opioid‐exposed newborn infants (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Naloxone vs placebo or no drug Failure to establish breastfeeding prior to hospital discharge ‐ not reported · opioid‐exposed newborn infants Naloxone for opioid‐exposed newborn infants (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Naloxone vs placebo or no drug Neurodevelopmental outcomes beyond infancy ‐ not reported · opioid‐exposed newborn infants Naloxone for opioid‐exposed newborn infants (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Naloxone vs placebo or no drug Receipt of endotracheal intubation ‐ not reported · opioid‐exposed newborn infants Naloxone for opioid‐exposed newborn infants (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Naloxone vs placebo or no drug Receipt of assisted ventilation ‐ not reported · opioid‐exposed newborn infants Naloxone for opioid‐exposed newborn infants (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy combined with laser/cryotherapy vs laser/cryotherapy Outcomes* · preterm infants with type 1 ROP Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs for treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Systemic administration of beta‐blockers vs placebo or no treatment Severe visual impairment or blindness at 6 to 12 months' corrected age · Prevention of retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants Beta‐blockers for prevention and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Threshold · asymptomatic newborns at the time of pulse oximetry screening Pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart defects (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth vs placebo or no intervention Culture‐proven sepsis with supplemented probiotic · prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth vs placebo or no intervention Severe necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) (Bell stage II or more) · prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth vs placebo or no intervention Death or severe NEC · prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Probiotics administered to pregnant women at risk of preterm birth vs placebo or no intervention Late‐onset sepsis · prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants Maternal probiotic supplementation for prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Death or major neurodevelopmental disability in infancy · late preterm or term newborns with hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy Xenon as an adjuvant to therapeutic hypothermia in near‐term and term newborns with hypoxic‐ischaemic… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Major neurodevelopmental disability in infancy · late preterm or term newborns with hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy Xenon as an adjuvant to therapeutic hypothermia in near‐term and term newborns with hypoxic‐ischaemic… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Major neurodevelopmental disability at school age · late preterm or term newborns with hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy Xenon as an adjuvant to therapeutic hypothermia in near‐term and term newborns with hypoxic‐ischaemic… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Cerebral palsy in infancy · late preterm or term newborns with hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy Xenon as an adjuvant to therapeutic hypothermia in near‐term and term newborns with hypoxic‐ischaemic… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Developmental delay or intellectual impairment in infancy · late preterm or term newborns with hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy Xenon as an adjuvant to therapeutic hypothermia in near‐term and term newborns with hypoxic‐ischaemic… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Blindness vision in infancy · late preterm or term newborns with hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy Xenon as an adjuvant to therapeutic hypothermia in near‐term and term newborns with hypoxic‐ischaemic… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Sensorineural deafness in infancy requiring amplification · late preterm or term newborns with hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy Xenon as an adjuvant to therapeutic hypothermia in near‐term and term newborns with hypoxic‐ischaemic… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Calcium supplementation vs no calcium supplementation Bone fracture (neonatal) ‐ not measured · preterm hospitalised infants Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of human milk for preterm infants (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Calcium supplementation vs no calcium supplementation Growth (childhood/adulthood) ‐ not measured · preterm hospitalised infants Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of human milk for preterm infants (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Calcium supplementation vs no calcium supplementation Bone mineral density (infant/childhood/adulthood) ‐ not measured · preterm hospitalised infants Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of human milk for preterm infants (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Calcium supplementation vs no calcium supplementation Fracture (childhood/adulthood) ‐ not measured · preterm hospitalised infants Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of human milk for preterm infants (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Gestational age of the infant · neonates requiring endotracheal intubation Orotracheal intubation in infants performed with a stylet versus without a stylet (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Level of experience of the intubator · neonates requiring endotracheal intubation Orotracheal intubation in infants performed with a stylet versus without a stylet (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Type of stylet · neonates requiring endotracheal intubation Orotracheal intubation in infants performed with a stylet versus without a stylet (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Clonidine vs placebo aOne study and few events · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Clonidine for sedation and analgesia for neonates receiving mechanical ventilation (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prone vs supine Death (neonatal or infant) ‐ not reported · neonates with mechanical ventilation Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prone vs lateral Death (neonatal or infant) · neonates with mechanical ventilation Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prone vs lateral Long‐term complications (neurodevelopmental) · neonates with mechanical ventilation Infant position in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |