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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
432 questions in 71 reviews · Neonatal
current versionsNo studies 432 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Fentanyl vs remifentanil Neurodevelopmental outcomes (3 to 5 years) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fentanyl vs remifentanil Neurodevelopmental outcomes (5 to 6 years) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Opioids vs placebo or no treatment Neurodevelopmental outcomes (3 to 5 years) · neonates receiving mechanical ventilation Opioids for newborn infants receiving mechanical ventilation (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Carbohydrate supplementation vs control Neurodevelopmental outcomes · preterm infants Carbohydrate supplementation of human milk to promote growth in preterm infants (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fat supplementation vs control Neurodevelopmental outcomes · preterm infants Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fat supplementation vs control Duration of hospital admission (days) · preterm infants Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Fat supplementation vs control Necrotising enterocolitis · preterm infants Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Protein supplementation vs control Neurodevelopmental outcomes · preterm infants Protein supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Early vs late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) Mortality (time not specified) · preterm infants with respiratory distress Early versus delayed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Early vs late continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) Failure of treatment ‐ death or intermittent positive‐pressure ventilation (IPPV) before hospital discharge · preterm infants with respiratory distress Early versus delayed continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria) Necrotizing enterocolitis · formula‐fed low birth weight infants Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria) Head circumference growth · formula‐fed low birth weight infants Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria) IQ score and Bayley score at 18 months or later · formula‐fed low birth weight infants Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria) Necrotizing enterocolitis · formula‐fed low birth weight infants Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
High protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria) IQ score and Bayley score at 18 months or later · formula‐fed low birth weight infants Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria) Weight gain · formula‐fed low birth weight infants Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria) Linear growth · formula‐fed low birth weight infants Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria) Head circumference growth · formula‐fed low birth weight infants Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria) IQ score and Bayley score at 18 months or later · formula‐fed low birth weight infants Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Supine midline head position vs any other supine head position Long‐term neurodevelopmental outcome ‒not reported · very preterm infants with or at risk of germinal matrix‐intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants Head midline position for preventing the occurrence or extension of germinal matrix‐intraventricular… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Supine midline head position vs any other supine head position Major neurodevelopmental disability ‒not reported · very preterm infants with or at risk of germinal matrix‐intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants Head midline position for preventing the occurrence or extension of germinal matrix‐intraventricular… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Supine midline head position vs any other supine head position Cerebellar haemorrhage on brain ultrasound ‐ not reported · very preterm infants with or at risk of germinal matrix‐intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants Head midline position for preventing the occurrence or extension of germinal matrix‐intraventricular… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Non‐pharmacological treatment vs placebo Primary outcome measures · infants at risk for, or having early symptoms consistent with, opioid withdrawal Non‐pharmacological care for opioid withdrawal in newborns (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Non‐pharmacological treatment vs placebo – Feeding practices · infants at risk for, or having early symptoms consistent with, opioid withdrawal Non‐pharmacological care for opioid withdrawal in newborns (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Non‐pharmacological treatment vs placebo NICU admission · infants at risk for, or having early symptoms consistent with, opioid withdrawal Non‐pharmacological care for opioid withdrawal in newborns (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Targeted individualized vs standard non‐individualized fortification Retinopathy of prematurity · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk Individualized versus standard diet fortification for growth and development in preterm infants receiving… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Targeted individualized vs standard non‐individualized fortification Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk Individualized versus standard diet fortification for growth and development in preterm infants receiving… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Targeted individualized vs standard non‐individualized fortification Mortality · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk Individualized versus standard diet fortification for growth and development in preterm infants receiving… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification Mortality · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk Individualized versus standard diet fortification for growth and development in preterm infants receiving… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification NEC stage ≥ 2 · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk Individualized versus standard diet fortification for growth and development in preterm infants receiving… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification Culture‐proven late‐onset sepsis · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk Individualized versus standard diet fortification for growth and development in preterm infants receiving… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification Retinopathy of prematurity · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk Individualized versus standard diet fortification for growth and development in preterm infants receiving… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk Individualized versus standard diet fortification for growth and development in preterm infants receiving… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Targeted individualized fortification vs adjustable individualized fortification Mortality · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk Individualized versus standard diet fortification for growth and development in preterm infants receiving… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Targeted individualized fortification vs adjustable individualized fortification NEC ≥ stage 2 · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk Individualized versus standard diet fortification for growth and development in preterm infants receiving… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Targeted individualized fortification vs adjustable individualized fortification Culture‐proven late‐onset sepsis · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk Individualized versus standard diet fortification for growth and development in preterm infants receiving… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Targeted individualized fortification vs adjustable individualized fortification Retinopathy of prematurity · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk Individualized versus standard diet fortification for growth and development in preterm infants receiving… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Targeted individualized fortification vs adjustable individualized fortification Bronchopulmonary dysplasia · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk Individualized versus standard diet fortification for growth and development in preterm infants receiving… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Targeted or adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification Necrotizing enterocolitis · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk Individualized versus standard diet fortification for growth and development in preterm infants receiving… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Targeted or adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification Culture‐proven late‐onset sepsis · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk Individualized versus standard diet fortification for growth and development in preterm infants receiving… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Targeted or adjustable individualized fortification vs standard non‐individualized fortification Mortality · promoting growth and development in very low birth weight infants receiving human milk Individualized versus standard diet fortification for growth and development in preterm infants receiving… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Early full enteral feeding vs delayed or progressive feeding In hospital rate of head circumference growth (cm/week) until term equivalent – not reported · preterm or low birth weight infants Early full enteral feeding for preterm or low birth weight infants (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Half‐strength formula vs full‐strength formula Necrotising enterocolitis · exclusively formula‐fed preterm or low birth weight infants Dilute versus full‐strength formula in exclusively formula‐fed preterm or low birth weight infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Half‐strength formula vs full‐strength formula All‐cause mortality prior to hospital discharge · exclusively formula‐fed preterm or low birth weight infants Dilute versus full‐strength formula in exclusively formula‐fed preterm or low birth weight infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Half‐strength formula vs full‐strength formula Incidence of invasive infection · exclusively formula‐fed preterm or low birth weight infants Dilute versus full‐strength formula in exclusively formula‐fed preterm or low birth weight infants (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 2: 7 days oral amoxicillin + injectable gentamicin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin Early neonatal mortality · possible serious bacterial infections in neonates Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 2: 7 days oral amoxicillin + injectable gentamicin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin Late neonatal mortality · possible serious bacterial infections in neonates Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 2: 7 days oral amoxicillin + injectable gentamicin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin Sepsis‐specific neonatal mortality · possible serious bacterial infections in neonates Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 2: 2 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin followed by 5 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin Early neonatal mortality · neonates with possible serious bacterial infections Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Comparison 2: 2 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin followed by 5 days oral amoxicillin vs 7 days injectable benzylpenicillin + injectable gentamicin Late neonatal mortality · neonates with possible serious bacterial infections Community‐based antibiotic delivery for possible serious bacterial infections in neonates in low‐ and… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |