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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
197 questions in 30 reviews · Anaesthesia
current versionsNo studies 197 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Speed of onset of anaesthesia · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: allergy to local anaesthetic · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Duration of anaesthesia · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% mepivacaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: paraesthesia following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: paraesthesia following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
3% prilocaine, 0.03 IU felypressin vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Speed of onset of anaesthesia · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
3% prilocaine, 0.03 IU felypressin vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: pain following injection · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
2% mepivacaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine Adverse effects: allergy to local anaesthetic · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario… Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia (2018) · Cochrane | SoF: Not measured. | 0 studies | No studies |
Intervention NR Primary outcomes · improving conditions during tracheal intubation or direct laryngoscopy in adults and adolescents Avoidance versus use of neuromuscular blocking agents for improving conditions during tracheal intubation or… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Secondary outcomes · improving conditions during tracheal intubation or direct laryngoscopy in adults and adolescents Avoidance versus use of neuromuscular blocking agents for improving conditions during tracheal intubation or… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Larger traumatic needles vs smaller traumatic needles Adverse events: paraesthesia ‐ not reported · patients undergoing lumbar punctures with traumatic needles (Quincke, Greene, Hingson Ferguson, Lutz, Brace,… Needle gauge and tip designs for preventing post‐dural puncture headache (PDPH) (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Peripheral nerve blocks vs systemic analgesia Total number of nerve block‐related complications · adults undergoing elective primary total hip replacement Nerve blocks or no nerve blocks for pain control after elective hip replacement (arthroplasty) surgery in… (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Perineural vs intravenous dexamethasone Incidence of serious adverse events (we used the NIH definition of adverse events. A serious event includes death, a life‐threatening event that requires hospitalization or prolonged hospitalization, disability or congenital anomaly) · peripheral nerve block Dexamethasone as an adjuvant to peripheral nerve block (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intravenous dexamethasone vs placebo Incidence of serious adverse events (we used the NIH definition of adverse events. A serious event includes death, a life‐threatening event that requires hospitalization or prolonged hospitalization, disability or congenital anomaly) · participants undergoing surgery with peripheral nerve block Dexamethasone as an adjuvant to peripheral nerve block (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sugammadex 2.0 mg/kg vs neostigmine 0.05 mg/kg Recovery timea from post‐tetanic count (PTC) · adult patients, ASA I to IV, who received non‐depolarizing NMBAs Efficacy and safety of sugammadex versus neostigmine in reversing neuromuscular blockade in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sugammadex 2.0 mg/kg vs neostigmine 0.05 mg/kg Risks of adverse events and serious adverse eventsb, bradycardia, PONV, and signs of residual neuromuscular blockade · adult patients, ASA I to IV, who received non‐depolarizing NMBAs Efficacy and safety of sugammadex versus neostigmine in reversing neuromuscular blockade in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sugammadex 4.0 mg/kg vs neostigmine 0.07 mg/kg Recovery timea from second twitch (T2) to train‐of‐four ratio (TOFR) > 0.9 (moderate block) · adult patients, ASA I to IV, who received non‐depolarizing NMBAs Efficacy and safety of sugammadex versus neostigmine in reversing neuromuscular blockade in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sugammadex 4.0 mg/kg vs neostigmine 0.07 mg/kg Risk of adverse events and serious adverse eventsb, bradycardia, PONV, and signs of residual neuromuscular blockade · adult patients, ASA I to IV, who received non‐depolarizing NMBAs Efficacy and safety of sugammadex versus neostigmine in reversing neuromuscular blockade in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sugammadex (any dose) vs neostigmine (any dose) Recovery timea from second twitch (T2) to train‐of‐four ratio (TOFR) > 0.9 (moderate block) · Adult patients, ASA I‐IV, who received non‐depolarizing NMBAs Efficacy and safety of sugammadex versus neostigmine in reversing neuromuscular blockade in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sugammadex (any dose) vs neostigmine (any dose) Recovery timea from post‐tetanic count (PTC) · Adult patients, ASA I‐IV, who received non‐depolarizing NMBAs Efficacy and safety of sugammadex versus neostigmine in reversing neuromuscular blockade in adults (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Protocol using standard measures such as CVP vs usual care Return to pre‐fracture accommodation/return to pre‐fracture mobility · patients with perioperative fluid optimization Perioperative fluid volume optimization following proximal femoral fracture (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Advanced haemodynamic monitoring vs protocol using standard measures such Return to pre‐fracture accommodation/return to pre‐fracture mobility · patients with proximal femoral fracture Perioperative fluid volume optimization following proximal femoral fracture (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Proportion of maternal participants with desaturation1 · low‐risk term pregnant women undergoing elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia Supplemental oxygen for caesarean section during regional anaesthesia (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse effects of intraoperative wakefulness and/or postoperative awareness (i.e. post‐traumatic stress syndrome, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, etc.) · patients with decreasing recall of events during surgery Anaesthetic interventions for prevention of awareness during surgery (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Anaesthesia depth monitors (BIS and M‐entropy) vs standard clinical and electronic monitoring Adverse effects of intraoperative wakefulness and/or postoperative awareness (i.e. post‐traumatic stress syndrome, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, etc.) · patients with prevention of recall of events during surgery Anaesthetic interventions for prevention of awareness during surgery (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Anaesthesia depth monitors (BIS) vs standard clinical and electronic monitoring Adverse effects of intraoperative wakefulness and/or postoperative awareness (i.e. post‐traumatic stress syndrome, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, etc.) · patients with prevention of recall of events during surgery Anaesthetic interventions for prevention of awareness during surgery (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Adverse effects of intraoperative wakefulness and/or postoperative awareness (i.e. post‐traumatic stress syndrome, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, etc.) · patients with prevention of recall of events during surgery Anaesthetic interventions for prevention of awareness during surgery (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Thiopentone and ketamine vs benzodiazepines (diazepam, midazolam, lorazepam) Adverse effects of intraoperative wakefulness and/or postoperative awareness (i.e. post‐traumatic stress syndrome, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, etc.) · patients with prevention of recall of events during surgery Anaesthetic interventions for prevention of awareness during surgery (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Risk of hypothermia ‐ not reported · adults undergoing surgery. Intravenous nutrients for preventing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Major cardiovascular event ‐ not reported · adults undergoing surgery. Intravenous nutrients for preventing inadvertent perioperative hypothermia in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Time to first passage of stool (hours, MD, 95% CI) · adults having abdominal surgery Perioperative dexmedetomidine for acute pain after abdominal surgery in adults (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lidocaine vs lidocaine with adrenaline Adverse outcomes · patients with digital nerve blocks Adrenaline with lidocaine for digital nerve blocks (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lidocaine vs lidocaine with adrenaline Cost analysis · patients with digital nerve blocks Adrenaline with lidocaine for digital nerve blocks (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lidocaine vs lidocaine with adrenaline Duration of postoperative pain relief · patients with digital nerve blocks Adrenaline with lidocaine for digital nerve blocks (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Alpha‐2 adrenergic agonist vs placebo/control Incidence of core hypothermia ‐ not measured · people with surgical requirement for general anaesthesia Alpha‐2 adrenergic agonists for the prevention of shivering following general anaesthesia (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Alpha‐2 adrenergic agonist vs placebo/control Participant satisfaction/experience of shivering ‐ not measured · people with surgical requirement for general anaesthesia Alpha‐2 adrenergic agonists for the prevention of shivering following general anaesthesia (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Sedation (sedative agents administered via any route) vs General anaesthesia Outcome NR · Children and adolescents younger than 18 years having dental treatment (fillings, pulp treatment or tooth extraction);… Sedation versus general anaesthesia for provision of dental treatment to patients younger than 18 years (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 0 studies | No studies |
Intervention NR Mean temperature difference (60 minutes after warming started): not reported · adults with postoperative hypothermia Interventions for treating inadvertent postoperative hypothermia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Rate of rewarming: not reported · adults with postoperative hypothermia Interventions for treating inadvertent postoperative hypothermia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Major cardiovascular complications: not reported · adults with postoperative hypothermia Interventions for treating inadvertent postoperative hypothermia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Major cardiovascular complications: not reported · adults with postoperative hypothermia Interventions for treating inadvertent postoperative hypothermia (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
FNB (any type) vs local infiltration analgesia Neurological injury: not reported · patients with knee replacement surgery Femoral nerve blocks for acute postoperative pain after knee replacement surgery (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
FNB (any type) vs local infiltration analgesia Participant satisfaction with analgesia Scale from zero to 10 · patients with knee replacement surgery Femoral nerve blocks for acute postoperative pain after knee replacement surgery (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous FNB vs single‐shot FNB Neurological injury: not reported · patients with knee replacement surgery Femoral nerve blocks for acute postoperative pain after knee replacement surgery (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Continuous FNB vs single‐shot FNB Participant satisfaction with analgesia: not reported · patients with knee replacement surgery Femoral nerve blocks for acute postoperative pain after knee replacement surgery (2014) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Perioperative statins vs placebo or no treatment Participant‐reported outcomes－not measured · participants with improving outcomes during and after noncardiac vascular surgery. Perioperative statin therapy for improving outcomes during and after noncardiac vascular surgery (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
PLMA vs tracheal tube Serious respiratory complications and mortality－not reported · airway management during general anaesthesia in obese participants Supraglottic airway devices versus tracheal intubation for airway management during general anaesthesia in… (2013) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |