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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

434 questions in 75 reviews · Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders

current versions
No studies 434 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Obesity Class II vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese
 · Adults with COVID‐19
Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Obesity Class III vs Normal BMI, Non‐obese, or BMI < 40
OutcomesTime frame of absolute effects · Adults with COVID‐19
Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Obesity Class III vs Normal BMI, Non‐obese, or BMI < 40
Severe COVID · Adults with COVID‐19
Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Obesity Class III vs Normal BMI, Non‐obese, or BMI < 40
.Pneumonia · Adults with COVID‐19
Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Obesity Class III vs Normal BMI, Non‐obese, or BMI < 40
 · Adults with COVID‐19
Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Obesity (Unclassified) vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese
OutcomesTime frame of absolute effects · Adults with COVID‐19
Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Obesity (Unclassified) vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese
 · Adults with COVID‐19
Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Every 5 units (kg/m2) increase in BMI vs N/A
OutcomesTime frame of absolute effects · Adults with COVID
Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Every 5 units (kg/m2) increase in BMI vs N/A
ICU admission · Adults with COVID
Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Every 5 units (kg/m2) increase in BMI vs N/A
Pneumonia · Adults with COVID
Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Every 5 units (kg/m2) increase in BMI vs N/A
 · Adults with COVID
Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Obesity Class I vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese
Pneumonia  · Adults with COVID‐19
Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Obesity Class I vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese
 · Adults with COVID‐19
Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Obesity Class II vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese
OutcomesTime frame of absolute effects · Adults with COVID‐19
Obesity as an independent risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Potency/bioactivity parameters of human insulin · healthy physicians
Thermal stability and storage of human insulin (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Diabetic ketoacidosis · healthy physicians
Thermal stability and storage of human insulin (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Hypoglycaemic episodes · healthy physicians
Thermal stability and storage of human insulin (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Adverse events · healthy physicians
Thermal stability and storage of human insulin (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Health‐related quality of life · healthy physicians
Thermal stability and storage of human insulin (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
HbA1c · healthy physicians
Thermal stability and storage of human insulin (2023) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
All‐cause mortality · children and adolescents with obesity
Surgery for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Socioeconomic effects · children and adolescents with obesity
Surgery for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Recombinant human thyrotropin‐aided radioiodine vs radioiodine
Costs
Recombinant human thyrotropin (rhTSH)‐aided radioiodine treatment for non‐toxic multinodular goitre (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Summary of findings: insulin detemir vs insulin glargine
Health‐related quality of life
(Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (2021) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Diabetes‐related morbidity · individuals without known diabetes mellitus but at high risk for the condition
Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Incidence of type 2 diabetes · individuals without known diabetes mellitus but at high risk for the condition
Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Health‐related quality of life · individuals without known diabetes mellitus but at high risk for the condition
Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Adverse events · individuals without known diabetes mellitus but at high risk for the condition
Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Socioeconomic effects · individuals without known diabetes mellitus but at high risk for the condition
Screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Insulin detemir vs NPH insulin
Socioeconomic effects
(Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for adults with type 2… (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Insulin glargine vs NPH insulin
Socioeconomic effects
(Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues versus NPH insulin (human isophane insulin) for adults with type 2… (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Basal calcitonin
Calcitonin testing for detection of medullary thyroid cancer in people with thyroid nodules (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Subgroup analysis
Calcitonin testing for detection of medullary thyroid cancer in people with thyroid nodules (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Cut‐off value
Calcitonin testing for detection of medullary thyroid cancer in people with thyroid nodules (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Gender (basal calcitonin)
Calcitonin testing for detection of medullary thyroid cancer in people with thyroid nodules (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy vs bilateral neck exploration
Length of hospital stay
Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy guided by intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring (IOPTH) and… (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Summary of findings for resveratrol plus oral anti‐diabetic drugs vs placebo plus oral anti‐diabetic drugs
Diabetes‐related complications
Resveratrol for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Summary of findings for resveratrol plus oral anti‐diabetic drugs vs placebo plus oral anti‐diabetic drugs
Health‐related quality of life
Resveratrol for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Summary of findings for resveratrol plus oral anti‐diabetic drugs vs placebo plus oral anti‐diabetic drugs
Socioeconomic effects
Resveratrol for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Vitamin D plus calcium vs vitamin D
All‐cause mortality
Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Vitamin D plus calcium vs vitamin D
Health‐related quality of life
Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Vitamin D plus calcium vs vitamin D
Socioeconomic effects
Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Vitamin D plus calcium vs calcium
All‐cause mortality
Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Vitamin D plus calcium vs calcium
Health‐related quality of life
Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Vitamin D plus calcium vs calcium
Socioeconomic effects
Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Adverse events (number)
Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
All‐cause mortality
Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Health‐related quality of life
Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Socioeconomic effects
Vitamin D, calcium or a combination of vitamin D and calcium for the treatment of nutritional rickets in… (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Intervention NR
Health‐related quality of life
Non‐nutritive sweeteners for diabetes mellitus (2020) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies