Gap finder

Search review questions

Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.

Limit to evidence status or GRADE (optional)

587 questions in 116 reviews · Eyes and Vision

current versions
No studies 587 · 100%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.

QuestionEffectEvidenceStatus / GRADE
Summary of findings table ‐ Pseudophakia vs aphakia
Reoperation rate ‐ not reported · children younger than two years of age with bilateral congenital cataracts
Surgical interventions for bilateral congenital cataract in children aged two years and under (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Laser trabeculoplasty vs trabeculectomy
Failure to stabilise optic neuropathy progression (as defined by study investigators) · people with open‐angle glaucoma
Laser trabeculoplasty for open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Laser trabeculoplasty vs trabeculectomy
Quality of life · people with open‐angle glaucoma
Laser trabeculoplasty for open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
NSAID vs placebo
Improvement in central macular thickness on OCT · participants with chronic CME (≥ 4 months) following cataract surgery
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
NSAID vs placebo
Improved contrast sensitivity · participants with chronic CME (≥ 4 months) following cataract surgery
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
NSAID vs placebo
Change in QoL · participants with chronic CME (≥ 4 months) following cataract surgery
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
NSAID vs active control
Persistence of visual improvement one month after discontinuation of treatment · participants with acute or chronic CME following cataract surgery
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
NSAID vs active control
Improvement in leakage on FFA · participants with acute or chronic CME following cataract surgery
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
NSAID vs active control
Improvement in central macular thickness on OCT · participants with acute or chronic CME following cataract surgery
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
NSAID vs active control
Improved contrast sensitivity · participants with acute or chronic CME following cataract surgery
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
NSAID vs active control
Change in QoL · participants with acute or chronic CME following cataract surgery
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
NSAID vs placebo or active control
Persistence of visual improvement one month after discontinuation of treatment · participants with acute CME (< 4 months) following cataract surgery
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
NSAID vs placebo or active control
Improvement in central macular thickness on OCT · participants with acute CME (< 4 months) following cataract surgery
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
NSAID vs placebo or active control
Change in QoL · participants with acute CME (< 4 months) following cataract surgery
Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents for treating cystoid macular edema following cataract surgery (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Binocular iPad treatment vs occlusion therapy
Change in distance BCVA in the amblyopic eye 12 months after cessation of treatment · 5‐ to 8‐year‐old children with amblyopia
Binocular versus standard occlusion or blurring treatment for unilateral amblyopia in children aged three to… (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Binocular iPad treatment vs occlusion therapy
Change in the interocular difference in contrast sensitivity Any validated test, from baseline to 16 (± 2) weeks · 5‐ to 8‐year‐old children with amblyopia
Binocular versus standard occlusion or blurring treatment for unilateral amblyopia in children aged three to… (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Binocular iPad treatment vs occlusion therapy
Measurable change in stereopsis after 8 (± 2) weeks and 16 (± 2) weeks of intervention 'Real change' in stereopsis is defined as a change in stereoacuity of two or more octaves. · 5‐ to 8‐year‐old children with amblyopia
Binocular versus standard occlusion or blurring treatment for unilateral amblyopia in children aged three to… (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Combined steroid and antibiotic therapy vs antibiotics alone
Outcomes* · eyes with acute endophthalmitis following an intraocular procedure (e.g. surgery, intravitreous injection)
Adjunctive steroid therapy versus antibiotics alone for acute endophthalmitis after intraocular procedure (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Combined steroid and antibiotic therapy vs antibiotics alone
Improvement in visual acuity at 3 months' · eyes with acute endophthalmitis following an intraocular procedure (e.g. surgery, intravitreous injection)
Adjunctive steroid therapy versus antibiotics alone for acute endophthalmitis after intraocular procedure (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Combined steroid and antibiotic therapy vs antibiotics alone
Costs associated with the interventions at 3 months' · eyes with acute endophthalmitis following an intraocular procedure (e.g. surgery, intravitreous injection)
Adjunctive steroid therapy versus antibiotics alone for acute endophthalmitis after intraocular procedure (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
ISBCS vs DSBCS
Total costs per QALY · people with bilateral age‐related cataracts (NRSs)
Immediate sequential bilateral surgery versus delayed sequential bilateral surgery for cataracts (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
ISBCS vs DSBCS
BCDVA · people with bilateral age‐related cataracts (NRSs)
Immediate sequential bilateral surgery versus delayed sequential bilateral surgery for cataracts (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
ISBCS vs DSBCS
PROM · people with bilateral age‐related cataracts (NRSs)
Immediate sequential bilateral surgery versus delayed sequential bilateral surgery for cataracts (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
ISBCS vs DSBCS
Total costs per QALY · people with bilateral age‐related cataracts (RCTs)
Immediate sequential bilateral surgery versus delayed sequential bilateral surgery for cataracts (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Tocilizumab weekly vs placebo + 52‐week taper
Proportion of all‐cause mortality at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis
Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Tocilizumab weekly vs placebo + 52‐week taper
Mean time to first relapse after induction of remission (weeks) at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis
Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Tocilizumab weekly vs placebo + 52‐week taper
Cumulative mean dose of corticosteroids at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis
Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Tocilizumab weekly vs placebo + 26‐week taper
Proportion of all‐cause mortality at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis
Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Tocilizumab weekly vs placebo + 26‐week taper
Mean time to first relapse after induction of remission (weeks) at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis
Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Tocilizumab weekly vs placebo + 26‐week taper
Cumulative mean dose of corticosteroids at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis
Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Tocilizumab every other week vs placebo + 52‐week taper
Proportion of all‐cause mortality at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis
Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Tocilizumab every other week vs placebo + 52‐week taper
Mean time to first relapse after induction of remission (weeks) at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis
Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Tocilizumab every other week vs placebo + 52‐week taper
Cumulative mean dose of corticosteroids at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis
Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Tocilizumab every other week vs placebo + 26‐week taper
Proportion of all‐cause mortality at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis
Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Tocilizumab every other week vs placebo + 26‐week taper
Mean time to first relapse after induction of remission (weeks) at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis
Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Tocilizumab every other week vs placebo + 26‐week taper
Cumulative mean dose of corticosteroids at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis
Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Tocilizumab every 4 weeks vs placebo
Proportion of participants who did not need escape therapy (as defined by study investigators) · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis
Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Tocilizumab every 4 weeks vs placebo
Mean change in quality of life at ≥ 12 months using the 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey physical component score (SF‐36 PCS) · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis
Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Tocilizumab every 4 weeks vs placebo
Mean change in quality of life at ≥ 12 months using the 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey mental component score (SF‐36 MCS) · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis
Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Tocilizumab every 4 weeks vs placebo
Mean change in VAS (higher scores suggest greater disease activity and worse quality of life) at ≥ 12 months · adults aged over 50 years with giant cell arteritis
Tocilizumab for giant cell arteritis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Any intervention vs steroid alone or plus levofloxacin
Proportion of initially unaffected fellow eyes that had signs/symptoms of infection within 7 days of onset of signs/symptoms in the first eye (lower is favored) · epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
Topical pharmacologic interventions versus placebo for epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Topical steroid vs artificial tears
Proportion of participants with resolution of signs within 7 days of treatment (higher is favored) · epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
Topical pharmacologic interventions versus placebo for epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Topical steroid vs artificial tears
Proportion of participants in whose eyes SEI had disappeared within 21 days of treatment initiation (higher is favored) · epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
Topical pharmacologic interventions versus placebo for epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Topical steroid vs artificial tears
Proportion of participants who discontinued medication and did not develop rebound SEI within 21 days (higher is favored) · epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
Topical pharmacologic interventions versus placebo for epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Topical steroid vs artificial tears
Proportion of initially unaffected fellow eyes that had signs/symptoms of infection within 7 days of onset of signs/symptoms in the first eye (lower is favored) · epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
Topical pharmacologic interventions versus placebo for epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Any intervention vs artificial tears or saline
Proportion of participants who discontinued medication and did not develop rebound SEI within 21 days (higher is favored) · epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
Topical pharmacologic interventions versus placebo for epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Any intervention vs artificial tears or saline
Proportion of initially unaffected fellow eyes that had signs/symptoms of infection within 7 days of onset of signs/symptoms in the first eye (lower is favored) · epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
Topical pharmacologic interventions versus placebo for epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Vitrectomy vs vitreous tap biopsy and antibiotic injection
Mean change in best‐corrected visual acuity · people with endophthalmitis following intraocular surgery
Early vitrectomy for exogenous endophthalmitis following surgery (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Vitrectomy vs vitreous tap biopsy and antibiotic injection
Quality of life. · people with endophthalmitis following intraocular surgery
Early vitrectomy for exogenous endophthalmitis following surgery (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies
Rho kinase inhibitor vs placeboa
Glaucoma progression at 12 months, measured by additional visual field defects · people with primary open‐angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension
Rho kinase inhibitor for primary open‐angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension (2022) · Cochrane
no estimate extractedNRNo studies