Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

19 questions · 20 findings · 13 reviews · Heart

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 5%Low 8 · 40%Moderate 9 · 45%High 2 · 10%

Intervention not reported

Fatal and non‐fatal stroke ( · people with or at risk of cardiovascular disease

The intervention showed no clear difference in fatal and non‐fatal stroke ( (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

clopidogrel plus aspirin vs aspirin

Fatal and non‐fatal ischaemic stroke · people with coronary disease, ischaemic cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease or at high risk of atherothrombotic disease

clopidogrel plus aspirin probably leads to lower fatal and non‐fatal ischaemic stroke compared with aspirin alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Combined CVD death, non‐fatal MI, or non‐fatal stroke · patients in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease events

The intervention probably leads to lower combined CVD death, non‐fatal MI, or non‐fatal stroke (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

ASCVD event, such as fatal or non‐fatal myocardial infarction or stroke. Median · adults older than 18 years, with no restriction regarding presence of ASCVD; participants generally had elevated risk of ASCVD (as…

The intervention showed no clear difference in ASCVD event, such as fatal or non‐fatal myocardial infarction or… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transcendental meditation (TM) vs active comparators

Clinical CVD events (CVD mortality, non‐fatal MI and stroke, revascularisations) · people at high risk of or withcardiovascular disease

Transcendental meditation (TM) showed no clear difference in clinical CVD events (CVD mortality, non‐fatal MI and stroke,… compared with active comparators (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fibrates vs control

Fatal or nonfatal stroke · People with previous clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease, transient ischaemic attack, or stroke

Fibrates showed no clear difference in stroke (ischaemic or haemorrhagic, non‐fatal or fatal) during the… compared with control (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Fibrates vs control

Stroke, myocardial infarction, or vascular death · People with previous clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease, transient ischaemic attack, or stroke

Fibrates probably leads to lower composite outcome of non‐fatal stroke, non‐fatal myocardial… compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher vs lower omega‐6: additional key outcomes

Fatal or nonfatal stroke · adults with or without existing CVD

It is very uncertain whether higher changes stroke: fatal or non‐fatal Study duration range 24‐96 months Omega‐6… compared with lower omega‐6: primary outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Statins vs Control at 4 months (3 ‐ 6 months)

Combined outcome of non‐fatal myocardial infarction, non‐fatal stroke, and total number of deaths · patients with acute coronary syndrome

Statins showed no clear difference in combined outcome of non‐fatal myocardial infarction, non‐fatal… compared with control at 4 months (3 to 6 months) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fibrates vs control

Composite outcome of non‐fatal stroke, non‐fatal myocardial infarction, and vascular death without clofibrate · People with previous clinical manifestations of cardiovascular disease, transient ischaemic attack, or stroke

Fibrates showed no clear difference in composite outcome of non‐fatal stroke, non‐fatal myocardial… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) vs no RIPC

Composite endpoint (including all‐cause mortality, non‐fatal myocardial infarction and/or any new stroke assessed at 30 days after surgery) · people undergoing CABG (with or without valve surgery)

RIPC showed no clear difference in composite endpoint (including all‐cause mortality, non‐fatal… compared with no RIPC (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review