Cochrane · systematic review · CD013358
Meditation for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Rees, K, Takeda, A, Court, R, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2024 · Cochrane Library
HeartAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
36
current version
GRADE rated
26
No studies
10
Included studies
NR
No studies 10 · 27.8%Ungraded 0 · 0%Very low 2 · 5.6%Low 18 · 50%Moderate 6 · 16.7%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) compared to active comparators for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Population: people at high risk of or withcardiovascular disease
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Clinical CVD events Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs active comparators | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs active comparators | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 388 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs active comparators | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 388 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Anxiety, change from baseline Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs active comparators | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 438 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Depression, change from baseline Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs active comparators | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 595 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias |
Perceived stress, change from baseline Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs active comparators | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 357 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Well‐being Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs active comparators | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 63 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision |
Adverse events Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs active comparators | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Smoking cessation Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs active comparators | RR 1.45 [0.78, 2.68] | 6 studies · 1087 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) compared to non‐active comparators for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Population: people at high risk of or withcardiovascular disease
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Clinical CVD events (CVD mortality and non‐fatal MI) Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs non‐active comparators | RR 0.94 [0.37, 2.42] | 1 study · 110 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs non‐active comparators | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 379 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs non‐active comparators | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 379 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Anxiety, change from baseline Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs non‐active comparators | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 533 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Depression, change from baseline Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs non‐active comparators | no estimate extracted | 15 studies · 912 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Perceived stress, change from baseline Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs non‐active comparators | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 708 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency |
Well‐being Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs non‐active comparators | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 198 participants | Moderate Downgraded: imprecision |
Adverse events Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs non‐active comparators | RR 5 [0.27, 91.52] | 1 study · 18 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision |
Smoking cessation Mindfulness‐based interventions (MBIs) vs non‐active comparators | RR 1.36 [0.86, 2.13] | 2 studies · 453 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Transcendental meditation (TM) compared to active comparators for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Population: people at high risk of or with cardiovascular disease
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Clinical CVD events (CVD mortality, non‐fatal MI and stroke, revascularisations) Transcendental meditation (TM) vs active comparators | RR 0.91 [0.56, 1.49] | 1 study · 201 participants | Low Downgraded: imprecision |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline Transcendental meditation (TM) vs active comparators | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 774 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline Transcendental meditation (TM) vs active comparators | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 774 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Anxiety, change from baseline Transcendental meditation (TM) vs active comparators | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 200 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Depression, change from baseline Transcendental meditation (TM) vs active comparators | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 421 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Perceived stress, change from baseline Transcendental meditation (TM) vs active comparators | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 194 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency |
Well‐being Transcendental meditation (TM) vs active comparators | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adverse events Transcendental meditation (TM) vs active comparators | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Smoking cessation Transcendental meditation (TM) vs active comparators | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Transcendental meditation (TM) compared to non‐active comparators for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Population: people at high risk of or withcardiovascular disease
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Clinical CVD events Transcendental meditation (TM) vs non‐active comparators | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline Transcendental meditation (TM) vs non‐active comparators | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 139 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), change from baseline Transcendental meditation (TM) vs non‐active comparators | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 139 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Anxiety, change from baseline Transcendental meditation (TM) vs non‐active comparators | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 112 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Depression, change from baseline Transcendental meditation (TM) vs non‐active comparators | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 112 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Perceived stress Transcendental meditation (TM) vs non‐active comparators | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Well‐being Transcendental meditation (TM) vs non‐active comparators | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Adverse events Transcendental meditation (TM) vs non‐active comparators | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Smoking cessation Transcendental meditation (TM) vs non‐active comparators | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |