Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

40 questions · 40 findings · 15 reviews

No studies found 7 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 3 · 7.5%Very low 13 · 32.5%Low 10 · 25%Moderate 6 · 15%High 1 · 2.5%

Tramadol vs NSAIDs

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis

It is very uncertain whether tramadol alone changes number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events compared with NSAIDs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs other opioids

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis

It is very uncertain whether tramadol alone changes number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events compared with other opioids (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs placebo

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip

Tramadol alone may leads to higher number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E (capsules 2000 IU/day in two divided doses) vs placebo

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · people with Alzheimer's disease

Vitamin E (capsules 2000 IU/day in two divided doses) showed no clear difference in adverse events Number of participants reporting ≥ 1 serious adverse… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs formoterol

Adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of participants · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol leads to lower adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of… compared with formoterol (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs placebo

Adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of participants · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol vs aclidinium alone

Adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of participants · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of… compared with aclidinium alone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alemtuzumab 12 mg vs interferon beta‐1a

Adverse events, including serious adverse events Assessed by: number of participants with ≥ 1 event · adults with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis

Alemtuzumab 12 mg showed no clear difference in adverse events, including serious events Assessed by: number of… compared with interferon beta‐1a (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Alemtuzumab 24 mg vs interferon beta‐1a

Adverse events, including serious adverse events Assessed by: number of participants with ≥ 1 event · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

Alemtuzumab 24 mg showed no clear difference in adverse events, including serious adverse events Assessed by: number… compared with interferon beta‐1a (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Palliative care vs usual care

Adverse effects: at least one serious adverse event · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

Palliative care showed no clear difference in serious adverse events Assessed by: number of participants… compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Quinolone vs macrolides

Quality of life Drug resistance/microbial sensitivity Serious adverse events Lung function Hospitalisations Adverse events/side effects Number of participants colonised with P aeruginosa · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Macrolides vs tetracycline

Quality of life Drug resistance/microbial sensitivity Serious adverse events Lung function Hospitalisations Adverse events/side effects Number of participants colonised with P aeruginosa · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Quinolone vs tetracycline

Quality of life Drug resistance/microbial sensitivity Serious adverse events Lung function Hospitalisations Adverse events/side effects Number of participants colonised with P aeruginosa · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review