Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,337 questions · 1,354 findings · 566 reviews

No studies found 307 · 22.7%GRADE not reported 81 · 6%Very low 424 · 31.3%Low 310 · 22.9%Moderate 189 · 14%High 43 · 3.2%

Multi‐component intervention vs control

Adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all cause or COPD‐related), serious adverse events, mortality · COPD

Multi‐component intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single component intervention vs control

Adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all cause or COPD‐related), serious adverse events, mortality · COPD

It is very uncertain whether single component intervention changes adverse events: number of people experiencing adverse events (all… compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events Measured by: proportion of serious adverse events (total) Average study duration (range): not stated · children and adolescents aged 18 years and under diagnosed with ADHD

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes serious adverse events Measured by: proportion of serious adverse… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fexofenadine 120 mg/d vs placebo (1‐week intervention)

Primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse effects and serious adverse events throughout the study period · adults with eczema

Fexofenadine 120 mg/d showed no clear difference in primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse… compared with placebo (1‐week intervention) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Loratadine 10 mg vs placebo (4‐week intervention)

Primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse effects and serious adverse events throughout the study period · adults with eczema

Loratadine 10 mg/d showed no clear difference in primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse… compared with placebo (4‐week intervention) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cetirizine 0.5 mg/kg/d vs placebo (18‐month intervention)

Primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse effects and serious adverse events throughout the study period · children with eczema

Cetirizine 0.5 mg/kg/d showed no clear difference in primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse… compared with placebo (18‐month intervention) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cetirizine 10 mg/d vs placebo (4‐week intervention)

Primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse effects and serious adverse events throughout the study period · adults with eczema

Cetirizine 10 mg/d showed no clear difference in primary outcome 2. Proportion of participants reporting adverse… compared with placebo (4‐week intervention) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events (SAEs) ‐ Network included 31 pairwise comparisons ‐ Mean risk with SUN across trials3 included in this network: 40.7% · people with a confirmed diagnosis of advanced renal cell carcinoma (combined risk groups) without previous systemic anticancer therapy

The intervention showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (SAEs) ‐ Network included 31 pairwise… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Bioengineered devices vs standard techniques

Specific serious adverse events: further surgery (device removal or revision)i assessed as: any unplanned secondary surgery to remove device · people undergoing peripheral nerve repair of the upper limb

It is very uncertain whether bioengineered devices changes specific serious adverse events: further surgery (device removal or… compared with standard techniques (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

There was no evidence of differences in the number of serious adverse events for any of the comparisons Quality of evidence = very low1,2,3. · people undergoing liver resection

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Live zoster vaccine vs placebo

Participants with adverse events: 1 or more serious adverse events regardless of type of storage of the vaccine Clinical or laboratory criteria · healthy older adults aged ≥ 60 years

Live zoster vaccine showed no clear difference in participants with adverse events: 1 or more serious adverse events… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events for all placebos compared with wait‐list or no treatment (Spontaneous reporting of dichotomous outcomes) (Post‐treatment) · patients with mental health disorders

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes serious adverse events for all placebos compared with wait‐list or… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events (as defined in the primary study) Participant reports. Serious adverse events observed during double‐blind treatment period · Patients with insomnia
1 finding from 1 review
  • Eszopiclone for insomnia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
    no estimate extracted
    12 studies · 4289 participants
    Moderate

Intervention not reported

Non‐serious adverse events for all placebos compared with wait‐list or no treatment (Spontaneous reporting of dichotomous outcomes) (Post‐treatment) · patients with mental health disorders

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes non‐serious adverse events for all placebos compared with wait‐list… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Higher vs lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation

Proportion of participants with 1 or more serious adverse events according to International Conference on Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice (ICH‐GCP) · adults admitted to the ICU

It is very uncertain whether higher changes proportion of participants with ≥ 1 serious adverse events according… compared with lower FiO2 or targets of arterial oxygenation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review