Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,337 questions · 1,354 findings · 566 reviews

No studies found 307 · 22.7%GRADE not reported 81 · 6%Very low 424 · 31.3%Low 310 · 22.9%Moderate 189 · 14%High 43 · 3.2%

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Non‐serious adverse events Maximum · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes adverse events considered non‐serious (penicillin versus… compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin E (capsules 2000 IU/day in two divided doses) vs placebo

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · people with Alzheimer's disease

Vitamin E (capsules 2000 IU/day in two divided doses) showed no clear difference in adverse events Number of participants reporting ≥ 1 serious adverse… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) vs moderate NMB

Serious adverse events (SAEs) start of surgery until 8 hours after surgery · adults undergoing intra‐ and transperitoneal laparoscopic procedures

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) changes serious adverse events (SAEs) start of surgery until 8 hours after… compared with moderate NMB (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Non‐fatal, serious adverse pneumonia events (requiring hospital admission) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The intervention leads to higher non‐fatal, serious adverse pneumonia events (requiring hospital… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Non‐fatal, serious adverse pneumonia events (requiring hospital admission) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐fatal, serious adverse pneumonia events (requiring hospital… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Non‐serious adverse eventsClinical manifestation and laboratory examination · people with acute herpes zoster (within 7 days of onset of rash)

The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐serious adverse eventsClinical manifestation and laboratory… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Proportion of participants with 1 or more serious adverse events at maximum · adults with compensated or decompensated advanced chronic liver disease

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes proportion of participants with 1 or more serious adverse events at… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cyclosporin vs mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone

Adverse effects (weeks 0 to 26): serious infection requiring hospitalisation · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Cyclosporin showed no clear difference in adverse events (weeks 0 to 26): serious infection requiring… compared with mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Corticosteroids vs placebo compared

Serious adverse events (dichotomous data) ‐ suspected or probable pneumonia · critically ill patients

Corticosteroids showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (dichotomous data) ‐ suspected or probable… compared with placebo compared (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Serious adverse events (proportion of patients with serious adverse events) · patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes serious adverse events (proportion of patients with serious adverse… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs other antibiotics

Serious adverse events (nosocomial infection) (penicillin versus cefotaxime) · people with leptospirosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Antibiotics changes serious adverse events (nosocomial infection) (penicillin versus… compared with other antibiotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review