Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,337 questions · 1,354 findings · 566 reviews

No studies found 307 · 22.7%GRADE not reported 81 · 6%Very low 424 · 31.3%Low 310 · 22.9%Moderate 189 · 14%High 43 · 3.2%

Routine abdominal drain vs No drain

Serious adverse events (proportion of patients) · patients with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

It is very uncertain whether routine abdominal drain changes serious adverse events (proportion of patients) compared with 'no drain' (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Modafinil vs placebo

Adverse effect/event(s) ‐ serious adverse events · schizophrenia or related disorders

It is very uncertain whether modafinil changes adverse effect/event(s) ‐ serious adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse events ‐ serious ocular events at 1 year · people with age‐related macular degeneration

The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ serious ocular events at 1 year (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Death and serious adverse events, including falls · participants after stroke
1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Death and serious adverse events, including falls · participants after stroke
1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or usual care

Serious adverse events Duration 3 days to 3 weeks · acute asthma exacerbation

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in serious adverse events Duration 3 days to 3 weeks compared with placebo or usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

L‐ornithine L‐aspartate vs lactulose

Non‐serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP · people with cirrhosis who had minimal or overt hepatic encephalopathy or who were at risk for developing hepatic encephalopathy;…

It is very uncertain whether L‐ornithine L‐aspartate changes non‐serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP compared with lactulose (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

L‐ornithine L‐aspartate vs probiotic

Non‐serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP · people with cirrhosis who had minimal or overt hepatic encephalopathy or who were at risk for developing hepatic encephalopathy;…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

L‐ornithine L‐aspartate vs rifaximin

Non‐serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP · people with cirrhosis who had minimal or overt hepatic encephalopathy or who were at risk for developing hepatic encephalopathy;…

It is very uncertain whether L‐ornithine L‐aspartate changes non‐serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP compared with rifaximin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

L‐ornithine L‐aspartate vs placebo or no intervention

Non‐serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP

It is very uncertain whether L‐ornithine L aspartate changes non‐serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ More time vs less time

Serious adverse events/death: medium‐term outcomes · rehabilitation (medium‐term outcomes)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ More time changes serious adverse events/death: medium‐term outcomes compared with less time (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor vs placebo

Participants with 1 or more serious adverse events · patients with Guillain‐Barré syndrome

It is very uncertain whether brain‐derived neurotrophic factor changes participants with 1 or more serious adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cerebrospinal fluid filtration vs plasma exchange

Participants with 1 or more serious adverse events · patients with Guillain‐Barré syndrome

It is very uncertain whether cerebrospinal fluid filtration changes participants with 1 or more serious adverse events compared with plasma exchange (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review