Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,949 questions · 1,994 findings · 636 reviews

No studies found 504 · 25.3%GRADE not reported 340 · 17.1%Very low 477 · 23.9%Low 390 · 19.6%Moderate 241 · 12.1%High 42 · 2.1%

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Large retro‐equatorial recession of horizontal rectus muscle of 9 mm on the medial rectus and 12 mm on the lateral rectus vs simple tenotomy and resuturing of the 4 horizontal rectus muscles

Change in proportion of participants with adverse effects with a probable causal link to the treatment · infantile nystagmus syndrome
1 finding from 1 review

Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs RISPERIDONE

Adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effect ‐ short term (EPSEs requiring medication) · schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride changes adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effect ‐ short… compared with risperidone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) vs haloperidol

Adverse effects: movement disorders ‐ EPS during 24 hours (only reported if occurred in ≥ 5% of people) · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation)

It is very uncertain whether ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) changes adverse effects: movement disorders ‐ EPS during 24 hours (only… compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. HALOPERIDOL (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: f. PERPHENAZINE

Adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effect (EPSEs requiring medication ‐ medium term) · schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether zuclopenthixol dihydrochloride changes adverse effects: Clinically important general adverse effect (EPSEs… compared with perphenazine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Sinonasal debridement vs no debridement

Significant adverse effects: significant bleeding requiring intervention, severe pain, iatrogenic injury · adult patients who underwent primary endoscopic sinus surgery, with a diagnosis of recurrent acute or chronic rhinosinusitis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) vs haloperidol

Adverse effects: one or more adverse events during 24 hours (only reported if occurred in ≥ 5% of people) · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation)

It is very uncertain whether ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) changes adverse effects: one or more adverse events during 24 hours (only… compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: a. HALOPERIDOL (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) vs PLACEBO/NIL

Adverse effects: one or more adverse events during 24 hours (only reported if occurred in ≥ 5% of people) · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation)

It is very uncertain whether ARIPIPRAZOLE (IM) changes adverse effects: one or more adverse events during 24 hours (only… compared with PLACEBO/NIL (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Resorbable (bioresorbable) plates or screws for fixation vs Titanium plates or screws for fixation

Adverse effects (composite: plate exposure, wound infection, sinus tract, wound dehiscence, plate removal) · Adults (>16 years old) undergoing orthognathic surgery
1 finding from 1 review
  • Resorbable versus titanium plates for orthognathic surgery 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Up to 24 months postoperatively
    SoF row. Adverse effects; 60 participants (1 RCT); Quality of the evidence (GRADE): VERY LOW. Exposure of the plate: both titanium and resorbable groups experienced 2 plate exposures which occurred between the third…
    1 study · 60 participants
    Very low

Xylitol lozenges (5 g/day) vs placebo control

Adverse effects (sores in the mouth, cramps, bloating, constipation, flatulence, loose stool or diarrhoea) · adults
1 finding from 1 review

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to interval surgery (NACT) vs surgery followed by chemotherapy (PDS)

Surgically‐related severe adverse effects (grade 3+) ‐ postoperative G3+ events (within 30 days of surgery) · women with advanced ovarian epithelial cancer

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to interval surgery (NACT) probably leads to lower surgically‐related severe adverse effects (grade 3+) ‐ postoperative… compared with surgery followed by chemotherapy (PDS) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topiramate vs placebo

Adverse effects ‐ difficulty with concentration/concentration impaired/concentration‐attention difficulties · people with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Topiramate probably leads to higher adverse effects ‐ difficulty with concentration/concentration… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Adverse effects/events ‐ extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium term Number of instances of extrapyramidal symptoms · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines changes adverse effects/events: extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium termNumber… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

BENZODIAZEPINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS vs ANTIHISTAMINES + ANTIPSYCHOTICS

Adverse effects/events ‐ extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium term Number of instances of extrapyramidal symptoms · psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines plus antipsychotics changes adverse effects/events: extrapyramidal symptoms ‐ medium termNumber… compared with antihistamines plus antipsychotics (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects during treatment Intervention: Hyperbaric chamber/ 160 millibars versus supplementary oxygen · people suffering from high altitude illness
1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Antipsychotic dose reduction vs dose continuation

Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with schizophrenia

Summary of findings table ‐ Antipsychotic dose reduction probably leads to higher adverse effect ‐ leaving the study early due to adverse effects ‐… compared with dose continuation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

TRIFLUOPERAZINE vs placebo

Severe adverse effects ‐ short term Numbers of participants leaving the studies due to severe adverse effects · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether TRIFLUOPERAZINE changes severe adverse effects ‐ short term Numbers of participants leaving… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review