Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,949 questions · 1,994 findings · 636 reviews

No studies found 504 · 25.3%GRADE not reported 340 · 17.1%Very low 477 · 23.9%Low 390 · 19.6%Moderate 241 · 12.1%High 42 · 2.1%

Full-time clear plastic (removable) retainer vs Any type of fixed (bonded) retainer

Adverse effects on oral health: gingival bleeding (lower arch) · People who had received fixed appliance orthodontic treatment

It is very uncertain whether full-time clear plastic (removable) retainer changes adverse effects on oral health: gingival bleeding (lower arch) compared with any type of fixed (bonded) retainer (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hydrogel dressings vs povidone‐iodine

Adverse effects (surgical site infection or allergic reaction) · adults with open wounds after surgery for sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease

It is very uncertain whether hydrogel dressing changes adverse effects (surgical site infection or allergic reaction) compared with wound cleaning with 10% povidone iodine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Dialkylcarbamoyl chloride (DACC)‐coated dressing vs alginate dressing

Adverse effects (surgical site infection or allergic reaction) · adults with open wounds after surgery for sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Zonisamide vs placebo

Somnolence · people with focal epilepsy

Zonisamide probably leads to higher adverse effects: somnolence (whole treatment period; any dose) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

rTMS + pharmacotherapy vs sham rTMS + pharmacotherapy

Acceptability ‐ dropouts due to adverse effects · participants with panic disorder

It is very uncertain whether rTMS + pharmacotherapy changes acceptability: dropouts for adverse effects number of dropouts compared with sham rTMS + pharmacotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Adverse effects necessitating stop of therapy Patient reported

The intervention probably leads to higher adverse effects necessitating stop of therapy Patient reported (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Triclosan/copolymer-containing fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste without triclosan

Tooth staining/discolouration (adverse effect) · Children and adults (aged 16 years or less = children, over 16 = adults) without periodontitis at baseline; in practice mostly adults,…

Triclosan/copolymer-containing fluoride toothpaste showed no clear difference in adverse effects (tooth staining, Meckel Stain Score, 6 months) compared with fluoride toothpaste without triclosan; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Inhaled tobramycin (TNS) vs placebo

Adverse effects of antibiotics: participants experiencing cough · adults and children with cystic fibrosis and a positive microbiological isolate of P aeruginosa from a respiratory tract specimen

It is very uncertain whether inhaled tobramycin (TNS) changes adverse effects of antibiotics: participants experiencing cough compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical vs non‐surgical treatment

Adverse effects of treatment Overall incidence of complications · people with lateral patellar dislocation

It is very uncertain whether surgical changes adverse effects of treatment Overall incidence of complications compared with non‐surgical treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review