Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,949 questions · 1,994 findings · 636 reviews

No studies found 504 · 25.3%GRADE not reported 340 · 17.1%Very low 477 · 23.9%Low 390 · 19.6%Moderate 241 · 12.1%High 42 · 2.1%

Intervention not reported

Long‐term adverse effects or toxicity · people with rheumatoid arthritis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Dietary supplements vs placebo

Ginger versus placebo Adverse effects · women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhoea

It is very uncertain whether dietary supplements changes ginger versus placebo Adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) vs placebo

Adverse effects: urinary incontinence · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether antidepressants (trazodone 200 mg/day) changes adverse effects: urinary incontinence compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laser therapy vs Photodynamic therapy

Adverse effects ‐ All adverse effects · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer

Laser showed no clear difference in adverse effects ‐ All adverse effects compared with photodynamic therapy (PDT) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SEMS vs laser

Adverse effects ‐ All adverse effects · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer

SEMS showed no clear difference in adverse effects ‐ All adverse effects compared with laser (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings: oral steroids plus antibiotic vs control plus antibiotic

Adverse effects [2 weeks to 6 months] · Children with otitis media with effusion

Summary of findings: oral steroids plus antibiotic showed no clear difference in adverse effects [2 weeks to 6 months] compared with control plus antibiotic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fluoride mouthrinse (0.05-0.32% sodium fluoride or amine fluoride) added to daily fluoride toothpaste vs Control: fluoride toothpaste alone, placebo mouthrinse + toothpaste, or non-fluoride (chlorhexidine) mouthrinse + toothpaste

Side effects or other adverse events · Orthodontic patients (any age) undergoing orthodontic treatment (mostly fixed appliances)

No adverse effects were reported in any of the seven included studies (ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Primary (complete) wound closure vs Secondary (partial) wound closure

Adverse effects (reactionary bleeding) · Adults with mandibular third molars requiring removal

It is very uncertain whether primary (complete) wound closure changes adverse effects (reactionary bleeding) compared with secondary (partial) wound closure (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review