What do systematic reviews say?

Zinc vs placebo

• Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age‐related macular degeneration 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  286 participants
  Very low

Antioxidant multivitamin and mineral supplement vs placebo or no treatment

Antioxidant multivitamin and mineral supplement may leads to lower adverse effects compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

• Antioxidant vitamin and mineral supplements for slowing the progression of age‐related macular degeneration 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.87
  0 participants
  Low

Statin plus metformin vs metformin

• Statins for women with polycystic ovary syndrome not actively trying to conceive 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2011 participants
  GRADE not reported

Statin plus oral contraceptive pill vs oral contraceptive pill (OCP)

• Statins for women with polycystic ovary syndrome not actively trying to conceive 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2006 participants
  GRADE not reported

Statins vs metformin

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Statins for women with polycystic ovary syndrome not actively trying to conceive 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Statins vs oral contraceptive pill plus flutamide

• Statins for women with polycystic ovary syndrome not actively trying to conceive 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2016 participants
  GRADE not reported

Statins vs placebo

• Statins for women with polycystic ovary syndrome not actively trying to conceive 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 2 participants
  GRADE not reported

Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients vs condiments/seasonings fortified with other micronutrients except iron

• Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron vs unfortified condiments/seasonings

• Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

SPLINT vs No active treatment (control)

SPLINT showed no clear difference in adverse effects compared with NO ACTIVE TREATMENT (low certainty).

• Splinting for carpal tunnel syndrome 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 15 [0.89, 254.13]
  1 study · 80 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Education support services for improving school engagement and academic performance of children and adolescents with a… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)‐related drugs vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)‐related drugs changes adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self‐injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.42
  9 studies · 511 participants
  Very low

Antidepressants vs placebo

Antidepressants may leads to higher adverse effects compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self‐injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 4.16
  10 studies · 815 participants
  Low

Neurohormones vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether neurohormones changes adverse effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Pharmacological intervention for irritability, aggression, and self‐injury in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.58 [0.38, 0.89]
  10 studies · 863 participants
  Very low

CBT interventions (CBT with and without exercise) vs control (standard care or sham treatments)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with and without exercise to reduce fear of falling in older people living in the… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Phacoemulsification vs laser peripheral iridotomy

• Lens extraction versus laser peripheral iridotomy for acute primary angle closure 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 99 participants
  Low

Anticholinergic burden reduction interventions vs usual care

• Anticholinergic deprescribing interventions for reducing risk of cognitive decline or dementia in older adults with… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Custom foot orthoses vs prefabricated foot orthoses

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Prefabricated foot orthoses vs shoes

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Foot orthoses for treating paediatric flat feet 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Botulinum toxin vs placebo

Botulinum toxin injection may leads to lower adverse effects compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Treatment for sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 20 participants
  Low