Cochrane · systematic review · CD009604
Fortification of condiments and seasonings with iron for preventing anaemia and improving health
Jalal, CSB, De-Regil, LM, Pike, V, et al. · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · 2023 · Cochrane Library
Public HealthAMSTAR 2: not assessed
SoF tableOnly the outcomes this review put in its Summary of Findings table are listed (the Cochrane Handbook caps them at about seven per comparison). Its other analyses are not shown here.
Questions
14
current version
GRADE rated
11
No studies
0
Included studies
NR
No studies 0 · 0%Ungraded 3 · 21.4%Very low 5 · 35.7%Low 5 · 35.7%Moderate 1 · 7.1%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
Questions and results
Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron versus unfortified condiments/seasonings for preventing anaemia and improving health
Population: population aged 2 years and above (Ballot 1989a (C) ‐ > 10 years, Chen 2005 (C) ‐ >3 years; Huo 2002 ‐ 11‐17 years, Longfils 2008‐ 6‐21 years, Thuy 2003a ‐17‐49 years; Thuy 2005 (C) ‐ 16‐49 years).
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Anaemia (defined as haemoglobin below WHO cut‐off for age and adjusted for altitude as appropriate) Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron vs unfortified condiments/seasonings | RR 0.34 [0.18, 0.65] | 4 studies · 2328 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness |
Haemoglobin concentration (g/L) Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron vs unfortified condiments/seasonings | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 2808 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness |
Iron deficiency (as defined by the trialists based on a biomarker of iron status) Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron vs unfortified condiments/seasonings | RR 0.33 [0.11, 1.01] | 2 studies · 391 participants | Moderate Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness |
Ferritin concentration (µg/L) Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron vs unfortified condiments/seasonings | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 4459 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness |
Transferrin saturation Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron vs unfortified condiments/seasonings | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 240 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness |
Total iron binding capacity Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron vs unfortified condiments/seasonings | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 240 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, indirectness |
Adverse effects Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron vs unfortified condiments/seasonings | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients versus condiments/seasonings fortified with other micronutrients except iron for preventing anaemia and improving health
Population: population aged 2 years and above (Andersson 2008 ‐ 5‐18 years, Asibey‐Berko 2007 ~ 3 years, Chen Ke 2008 ‐ 2‐6 years, Haas 2014 ‐ women from 18 to 55 years, Zimmermann 2002 and Zimmermann 2004a ‐ 6‐15 years)
| Outcome | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Anaemia (defined as haemoglobin below WHO cut‐off for age and adjusted for altitude as appropriate) Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients vs condiments/seasonings fortified with other micronutrients except iron | RR 0.59 [0.4, 0.89] | 4 studies · 1007 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Haemoglobin concentration (g/L) Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients vs condiments/seasonings fortified with other micronutrients except iron | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 1270 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness |
Iron deficiency (as defined by the trialists based on a biomarker of iron status) Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients vs condiments/seasonings fortified with other micronutrients except iron | RR 0.36 [0.19, 0.69] | 4 studies · 1154 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, indirectness |
Ferritin (µg/L) concentration Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients vs condiments/seasonings fortified with other micronutrients except iron | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 1251 participants | Very low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision, inconsistency, indirectness |
Transferrin saturation Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients vs condiments/seasonings fortified with other micronutrients except iron | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |
Total iron binding capacity Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients vs condiments/seasonings fortified with other micronutrients except iron | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 158 participants | Low Downgraded: risk of bias, imprecision |
Adverse effects Condiments/seasonings fortified with iron plus other micronutrients vs condiments/seasonings fortified with other micronutrients except iron | no estimate extracted | 0 studies · 0 participants | Ungraded |