Non-Cochrane · intervention · PM42359071
Chemoprophylaxis effect of EGCG on various digestive system diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Zhao Yanan, Wang Zhongyu, Xu Mengchao, et al. · Frontiers in medicine · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1809860
Findings
20 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral cancer (KB xenograft) animal models | EGCG | Untreated model (control) group | Tumor weight KB xenograft models | SMD -5.96 [-14.44, 2.51] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 52 participants |
| Oral cancer (KB xenograft) animal models | EGCG | Untreated model (control) group | Tumor weight Oral cancer, other models (2 studies) | SMD -5.97 [-7.46, -4.47] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 44 participants |
| Oral cancer (KB xenograft) animal models | EGCG | Untreated model (control) group | Tumor volume KB xenograft models | SMD -6.13 [-13.65, 1.39] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 52 participants |
| Gastric cancer xenograft animal models | EGCG | Untreated model (control) group | Microvessel density (MVD) BGC-823 xenograft models | SMD -7.36 [-9.67, -5.04] GRADE not reported 60 participants |
| Gastric cancer xenograft animal models | EGCG | Untreated model (control) group | Microvessel density (MVD) SGC7901 xenograft models | SMD -4.79 [-11.67, 2.1] GRADE not reported 26 participants |
| Gastric cancer xenograft animal models | EGCG | Untreated model (control) group | Tumor volume BGC-823 xenograft models | SMD -3.84 [-4.97, -2.71] GRADE not reported 40 participants |
| Gastric cancer xenograft animal models | EGCG | Untreated model (control) group | Tumor weight SGC7901 xenograft models | SMD -6.39 [-10.63, -2.16] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 36 participants |
| Gastric cancer xenograft animal models | EGCG | Untreated model (control) group | Tumor volume SGC7901 xenograft models | SMD -22.03 [-37.52, -6.54] GRADE not reported 22 participants |
| Colorectal cancer (HT29 xenograft) animal models | EGCG | Untreated model (control) group | Tumor weight HT29 xenograft models | SMD -2.19 [-4.68, 0.3] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 60 participants |
| Colorectal cancer (HT29 xenograft) animal models | EGCG | Untreated model (control) group | Tumor volume HT29 xenograft models | SMD -3.24 [-5.79, -0.69] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 40 participants |
| Liver cancer xenograft animal models | EGCG | Untreated model (control) group | Microvessel density (MVD) HepG2 xenograft models | SMD -7.29 [-11.38, -3.21] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 28 participants |
| Liver cancer xenograft animal models | EGCG | Untreated model (control) group | Tumor weight HepG2 xenograft models | SMD -3.68 [-4.69, -2.67] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 54 participants |
| Liver cancer xenograft animal models | EGCG | Untreated model (control) group | Tumor weight SMMC-7721 xenograft models | SMD -3.47 [-7.22, 0.28] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 32 participants |
| Liver cancer xenograft animal models | EGCG | Untreated model (control) group | Tumor volume HepG2 xenograft models | SMD -3.53 [-6.72, -0.35] GRADE not reported 42 participants |
| Animal models of liver injury, fatty liver, fibrosis or hepatitis | EGCG | Untreated model (control) group | Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) | SMD -2.72 [-3.46, -1.98] GRADE not reported 23 studies · 403 participants |
| Animal models of liver injury, fatty liver, fibrosis or hepatitis | EGCG | Untreated model (control) group | Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) | SMD -2.33 [-3.1, -1.56] GRADE not reported 21 studies · 378 participants |
| Animal models of colitis | EGCG | Untreated model (control) group | Disease activity index (DAI) score 10 experimental groups | SMD -3.69 [-4.85, -2.54] GRADE not reported 205 participants |
| Animal models of intestinal tumor formation | EGCG | Untreated model (control) group | Number of tumors 2 experimental groups | SMD -0.42 [-5.13, 4.29] GRADE not reported 39 participants |
| Animal models of intestinal tumor formation | EGCG | Untreated model (control) group | Pathological score | SMD -2.81 [-4.08, -1.55] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 24 participants |
| Animal models of colon carcinogenesis (aberrant crypt foci) | EGCG | Untreated model (control) group | Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) 4 experimental groups | SMD -5.01 [-8.07, -1.95] GRADE not reported 75 participants |
Included primary studies 89
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhang 2023 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 5 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chen 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zhao 2010 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zhou 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Almatroodi 2019 Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG), An Active Constituent of Green Tea: Implications in the Prevention of Liver Injury Induced by… DOI:10.3390/app9224821 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bing 2017 EGCG Maintains Th1/Th2 Balance and Mitigates Ulcerative Colitis Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium through TLR4/MyD88/NF- <i>κ</i> B… DOI:10.1155/2017/3057268 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bing 2017 EGCG Maintains Th1/Th2 Balance and Mitigates Ulcerative Colitis Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling… PMID:29404307 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chen 2025 EGCG Alleviates DSS-Induced Colitis by Inhibiting Ferroptosis Through the Activation of the Nrf2-GPX4 Pathway and Enhancing Iron Metabolism. PMID:39940407 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Church 2015 Sensitivity to hepatotoxicity due to epigallocatechin gallate is affected by genetic background in diversity outbred mice DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2014.11.008 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Church 2015 Sensitivity to hepatotoxicity due to epigallocatechin gallate is affected by genetic background in diversity outbred mice. PMID:25446466 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ding 2015 Epigallocatechin gallate attenuated non-alcoholic steatohepatitis induced by methionine- and choline-deficient diet DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.005 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ding 2015 Epigallocatechin gallate attenuated non-alcoholic steatohepatitis induced by methionine- and choline-deficient diet. PMID:25967348 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Diwan 2022 Green tea EGCG effectively alleviates experimental colitis in middle-aged male mice by attenuating multiple aspects of oxi-inflammatory… DOI:10.1007/s10522-022-09976-9 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Diwan 2022 Green tea EGCG effectively alleviates experimental colitis in middle-aged male mice by attenuating multiple aspects of oxi-inflammatory… PMID:35779147 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Du 2019 Low dose Epigallocatechin Gallate Alleviates Experimental Colitis by Subduing Inflammatory Cells and Cytokines, and Improving Intestinal… PMID:31362373 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Du 2021 Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Dampens Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver by Modulating Liver Function, Lipid Profile and Macrophage Polarization. PMID:33670347 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Fujita 1989 Inhibitory Effect of (—)‐Epigallocatechin Gallate on Carcinogenesis with N‐Ethyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine in Mouse Duodenum DOI:10.1111/j.1349-7006.1989.tb01666.x | 1989 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Fujita 1989 Inhibitory effect of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate on carcinogenesis with N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in mouse duodenum. PMID:2503469 | 1989 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gang 2007 DOI:10.3971/j.issn.1000-8578.175 | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| George 2022 Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits osteopontin expression and prevents experimentally induced hepatic fibrosis DOI:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113111 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| George 2022 Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits osteopontin expression and prevents experimentally induced hepatic fibrosis. PMID:35594711 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hassan 2021 Probing the chemoprevention potential of the antidepressant fluoxetine combined with epigallocatechin gallate or kaempferol in rats with… DOI:10.1016/j.jphs.2020.10.005 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hassan 2021 Probing the chemoprevention potential of the antidepressant fluoxetine combined with epigallocatechin gallate or kaempferol in rats with… PMID:33357777 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| He 2023 Inhibition of macrophages inflammasome activation via autophagic degradation of HMGB1 by EGCG ameliorates HBV-induced liver injury and… PMID:37122751 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Huang 2020 Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and ameliorates intestinal immunity in mice… DOI:10.1039/d0fo02152k | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Huang 2020 Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate alleviates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and ameliorates intestinal immunity in mice… PMID:33095225 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Isbrucker 2006 Safety studies on epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) preparations. Part 1: Genotoxicity DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2005.07.005 | 2006 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Isbrucker 2006 Safety studies on epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) preparations. Part 2: Dermal, acute and short-term toxicity studies DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2005.11.003 | 2006 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Isbrucker 2006 Safety studies on epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) preparations. Part 1: genotoxicity. PMID:16364532 | 2006 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Isbrucker 2006 Safety studies on epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) preparations. Part 2: dermal, acute and short-term toxicity studies. PMID:16387402 | 2006 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jiang 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jung 2001 EGCG, a major component of green tea, inhibits tumour growth by inhibiting VEGF induction in human colon carcinoma cells DOI:10.1054/bjoc.2000.1691 | 2001 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jung 2001 EGCG, a major component of green tea, inhibits tumour growth by inhibiting VEGF induction in human colon carcinoma cells. PMID:11259102 | 2001 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kaleri 2017 Dietary Copper Reduces the Hepatotoxicity of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate in Mice. PMID:29295524 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kuzu 2008 Epigallocatechin gallate attenuates experimental non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis induced by high fat diet DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.05052.x | 2008 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kuzu 2008 Epigallocatechin gallate attenuates experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis induced by high fat diet. PMID:17683497 | 2008 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lambert 2010 Hepatotoxicity of high oral dose (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in mice DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.030 | 2010 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lambert 2010 Hepatotoxicity of high oral dose (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in mice. PMID:19883714 | 2010 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Li 2016 Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates apoptosis&nbsp;and autophagy in concanavalin A-induced hepatitis by inhibiting BNIP3 DOI:10.2147/dddt.s99420 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Li 2016 Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates apoptosis and autophagy in concanavalin A-induced hepatitis by inhibiting BNIP3. PMID:26929598 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Li 2023 DOI:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022080331 | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Li 2024 Immunoregulatory Effect and Mechanism of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate in A Mouse Oral Cancer Model DOI:10.26689/par.v8i5.8323 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mostafa-Hedeab 2022 Epigallocatechin gallate ameliorates tetrahydrochloride-induced liver toxicity in rats via inhibition of TGFβ / p-ERK/p-Smad1/2 signaling,… DOI:10.1016/j.jsps.2022.06.021 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mostafa-Hedeab 2022 Epigallocatechin gallate ameliorates tetrahydrochloride-induced liver toxicity in rats via inhibition of TGFβ / p-ERK/p-Smad1/2 signaling,… PMID:36249942 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ohishi 2002 Synergistic effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate with sulindac against colon carcinogenesis of rats treated with azoxymethane DOI:10.1016/s0304-3835(01)00767-4 | 2002 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ohishi 2002 Synergistic effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate with sulindac against colon carcinogenesis of rats treated with azoxymethane. PMID:11809530 | 2002 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ramachandran 2016 Repeated dose studies with pure Epigallocatechin-3-gallate demonstrated dose and route dependant hepatotoxicity with associated dyslipidemia DOI:10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.03.001 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ramachandran 2016 Repeated dose studies with pure Epigallocatechin-3-gallate demonstrated dose and route dependant hepatotoxicity with associated… PMID:28959554 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ran 2008 Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates rats colitis induced by acetic acid DOI:10.1016/j.biopha.2008.02.002 | 2008 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ran 2008 Epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates rats colitis induced by acetic acid. PMID:18325726 | 2008 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rasheed 2018 Paradoxical cardiotoxicity of intraperitoneally-injected epigallocatechin gallate preparation in diabetic mice DOI:10.1038/s41598-018-25901-y | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rasheed 2018 Paradoxical cardiotoxicity of intraperitoneally-injected epigallocatechin gallate preparation in diabetic mice. PMID:29777127 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Saleh 2014 Possible hepatocellular toxicity of EGCG under the influence of an inflammagen DOI:10.1016/j.jab.2014.03.001 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sergi 2019 Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Toxicity in Children: A Potential and Current Toxicological Event in the Differential Diagnosis With… PMID:32063842 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Shimizu 2008 (−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate Suppresses Azoxymethane-Induced Colonic Premalignant Lesions in Male C57BL/KsJ-<i>db/db</i> Mice DOI:10.1158/1940-6207.capr-08-0045 | 2008 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Shimizu 2008 (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate suppresses azoxymethane-induced colonic premalignant lesions in male C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. PMID:19138973 | 2008 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Song 2023 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Stratton 2000 Dermal toxicity of topical (−)epigallocatechin-3-gallate in BALB/c and SKH1 mice DOI:10.1016/s0304-3835(00)00498-5 | 2000 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Stratton 2000 Dermal toxicity of topical (-)epigallocatechin-3-gallate in BALB/c and SKH1 mice. PMID:10940508 | 2000 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sumi 2013 (—)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses hepatic preneoplastic lesions developed in a novel rat model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis DOI:10.1186/2193-1801-2-690 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sumi 2013 (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate suppresses hepatic preneoplastic lesions developed in a novel rat model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. PMID:25674420 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ueno 2009 Epigallocatechin-3-gallate improves nonalcoholic steatohepatitis model mice expressing nuclear sterol regulatory element binding… DOI:10.3892/ijmm_00000200 | 2009 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ueno 2009 Epigallocatechin-3-gallate improves nonalcoholic steatohepatitis model mice expressing nuclear sterol regulatory element binding… PMID:19513529 | 2009 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wang 2010 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wang 2015 Green tea polyphenol (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate triggered hepatotoxicity in mice: Responses of major antioxidant enzymes and the Nrf2… DOI:10.1016/j.taap.2014.12.018 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wang 2015 Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate triggered hepatotoxicity in mice: responses of major antioxidant enzymes and the Nrf2… PMID:25585349 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wang 2019 A mouse model of subacute liver failure with ascites induced by step-wise increased doses of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-54691-0 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wang 2019 A mouse model of subacute liver failure with ascites induced by step-wise increased doses of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate. PMID:31792332 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wei 2014 DOI:10.11847/zgggws2014-30-03-16 | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wei 2022 EGCG inhibits growth of tumoral lesions on lip and tongue of K-Ras transgenic mice through the Notch pathway DOI:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108843 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wei 2022 EGCG inhibits growth of tumoral lesions on lip and tongue of K-Ras transgenic mice through the Notch pathway. PMID:34407449 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wu 2012 Capecitabine combined with (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in nude mice with gastric cancer… PMID:22969946 | 2012 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wu 2021 Epigallocatechin‐3‐Gallate Alleviates High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Inhibition of Apoptosis and Promotion of… DOI:10.1155/2021/5599997 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wu 2021 Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Inhibition of Apoptosis and Promotion of… PMID:33953830 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Xiao 2011 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Xu 2015 Epigallocatechin-3-gallate-induced inhibition of interleukin-6 release and adjustment of the regulatory T/T helper 17 cell balance in the… PMID:26668622 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Xu 2025 DOI:10.12449/jch250716 | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yang 2012 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yao 2015 Protective effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate against acetaminophen-induced liver injury in rats). PMID:26264479 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yasuda 2009 (−)-Epigallocatechin gallate prevents carbon tetrachloride-induced rat hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting the expression of the PDGFRβ and… DOI:10.1016/j.cbi.2009.07.015 | 2009 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yasuda 2009 (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate prevents carbon tetrachloride-induced rat hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting the expression of the PDGFRbeta and… PMID:19646978 | 2009 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yuan 2008 Protective Effects of Epigallocatechin Gallate on Colon Preneoplastic Lesions Induced by 2-Amino-3-Methylimidazo(4,5-f)Quinoline in Mice DOI:10.2119/2007-00050.yuan | 2008 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yuan 2008 Protective effects of epigallocatechin gallate on colon preneoplastic lesions induced by 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f ] quinoline in mice. PMID:18596869 | 2008 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yuan 2010 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zhen 2007 Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits oxidative damage and preventive effects on carbon tetrachloride–induced hepatic… DOI:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.12.016 | 2007 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zhen 2007 Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits oxidative damage and preventive effects on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic… PMID:17481882 | 2007 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zhou 2023 Green Tea Catechin EGCG Ameliorates Thioacetamide‐Induced Hepatic Encephalopathy in Rats via Modulation of the Microbiota‐Gut‐Liver Axis DOI:10.1002/mnfr.202200821 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zhou 2023 Green Tea Catechin EGCG Ameliorates Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatic Encephalopathy in Rats via Modulation of the Microbiota-Gut-Liver Axis. PMID:36573265 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zhu 2009 [Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits growth and angiogenesis of gastric cancer and its molecular mechanism]. PMID:19145512 | 2009 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Animal disease models related to digestive system diseases and EGCG side effects | Animal models: oral cancer (n=5), gastric cancer (n=6), ulcerative colitis (n=3), colitis (n=8), colorectal cancer (n=6), obesity associated colitis cancer (n=1), non-alcoholic fatty liver (n=10), liver injury (n=5), liver cancer (n=7), liver fibrosis (n=4), hepatitis (n=2), alcoholic liver disease (n=1), chronic liver disease (n=1), pancreatitis (n=2), intestinal tumor formation (n=2), EGCG toxicity (n=11) |
| Intervention | EGCG alone | EGCG alone (74 animal experiments; 63 in meta-analysis, 738 animals) |
| Comparison | Model group in the experiment (no EGCG) | Model (untreated disease) control group |
| Outcomes | Effects on signaling proteins and mechanisms; tumor size, microvessel density, liver enzymes, disease activity, pathology; toxicity | Tumor size (volume, weight), microvessel density, AST, ALT, DAI score, pathological score, aberrant crypt foci, number of tumors; hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and cardiotoxicity narrative |
| Study designs | In vivo experimental (animal) studies; reviews, theses, derivatives and non-in vivo studies excluded | Animal experiments (n=74), 63 with data for meta-analysis |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |
AMSTAR 2 items
Two independent extractors rated each item. Their ratings are shown side by side because they have not been reconciled yet. The overall rating follows Shea et al. 2017: one critical flaw gives Low, more than one gives Critically Low.
| Item | Extractor A | Extractor B | Agree |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1Research question includes PICO components | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 2Protocol established before the reviewcritical | No | No | yes |
| 3Choice of study designs explained | No | No | yes |
| 4Comprehensive literature searchcritical | Partial Yes | Partial Yes | yes |
| 5Study selection in duplicate | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 6Data extraction in duplicate | No | No | yes |
| 7List of excluded studies with reasonscritical | No | No | yes |
| 8Included studies described in detail | Partial Yes | Partial Yes | yes |
| 9Risk of bias assessed satisfactorilycritical | RCT: Yes · NRSI: N/A | RCT: Yes · NRSI: N/A | yes |
| 10Funding of included studies reported | No | No | yes |
| 11Appropriate meta-analysis methodscritical | RCT: No · NRSI: N/A | NRSI: N/A · RCT: No | no |
| 12Impact of risk of bias on the pooled results | No | No | yes |
| 13Risk of bias accounted for in interpretationcritical | Yes | Yes | yes |
| 14Heterogeneity explained | No | No | yes |
| 15Publication bias investigatedcritical | No | No | yes |
| 16Conflicts of interest reported | Yes | Yes | yes |
| Overall | Critically Low | Critically Low | yes |