Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM41735190
The Association of Periodontitis With Cardiovascular Disease Parameters: A Synthesis of Systematic Reviews.
Schoenmakers Max G P, Weijdijk Lotte P M, Willems Eveline J S, et al. · International journal of dental hygiene · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1111/idh.12885
Findings
85 findings
| Population | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Myocardial infarction (MI) Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR XVIII (Xu 2017); cohort studies; random-effects model | OR 1.18 [0.98, 1.42] Moderate 4 studies · 47819 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Stroke Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR XI (Leira 2017); observational studies; high-quality studies; random-effects model | RR 4.83 [3.13, 7.46] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 1750 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR XIX (Zeng 2015); observational studies; all studies; random-effects model | OR 1.27 [1.14, 1.41] Moderate 15 studies · 17330 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Myocardial infarction (MI) Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR XIV (Qin 2021); cohort studies; all studies; random-effects model | OR 1.13 [1.04, 1.21] Moderate 10 studies · 5369235 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Coronary heart disease (CHD) Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR XII (Meregildo-Rodriguez 2022); case-control studies; random-effects model | OR 2.62 [2.05, 3.35] Moderate 25 studies · 9573 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Myocardial infarction (MI) Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR XIV (Qin 2021); cohort studies; high-quality studies; random-effects model | OR 1.20 [1.03, 1.37] Moderate 5 studies · 5270520 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CVD SR X (Larvin 2020); RCT and cohort studies; severity analysis, all participants combined, random-effects | RR 1.20 [1.15, 1.25] GRADE not reported 18 studies · 7016015 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Stroke Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR XI (Leira 2017); case-control studies; fixed-effects model | RR 1.06 [1.02, 1.10] Moderate 5 studies · 1845 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Peripheral vascular disease (PVD/PAD) Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR XVII (Wang 2019); observational studies; all studies; random-effects model | OR 1.60 [1.41, 1.82] Moderate 25 studies · 22090 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Stroke Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR IV (Fagundes 2019); case-control studies; ischemic stroke; random-effects model | OR 2.72 [2.00, 3.71] Moderate 4 studies · 1015 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Cardiovascular disease (CVD), overall Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR II (Blaizot 2009); cross-sectional and case-control studies; random-effects model | OR 2.35 [1.87, 2.96] Moderate 22 studies · 20110 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Stroke Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR IV (Fagundes 2019); case-control studies; random-effects model | OR 2.31 [1.39, 3.84] Moderate 7 studies · 1513 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Stroke Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR XV (Sfyroeras 2012); cohort studies; prospective studies; random-effects model | RR 1.47 [1.13, 1.92] Moderate 6 studies · 105247 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Stroke Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR IX (Lafon 2014); cohort studies; PerioD outcomes; random-effects model | RR 1.63 [1.25, 2.00] Moderate 4 studies · 27730 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Coronary heart disease (CHD) Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR VIII (Khader 2004); observational studies; all studies; random-effects model | RR 1.15 [1.06, 1.25] Moderate 8 studies · 94096 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR XIX (Zeng 2015); observational studies; PerioD vs non-PerioD; random-effects model | OR 1.75 [1.33, 2.30] Moderate 10 studies · 3961 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Stroke Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR VII (Janket 2003); cohort studies; stroke; random-effects model | RR 2.85 [1.78, 4.56] Moderate 2 studies · 1010 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Stroke Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR IV (Fagundes 2019); cohort studies; random-effects model | RR 1.88 [1.55, 2.28] Moderate 3 studies · 28900 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Coronary heart disease (CHD) Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR XII (Meregildo-Rodriguez 2022); observational studies; all studies; random-effects model | OR 1.35 [1.25, 1.45] Moderate 46 studies · 6806286 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CHD SR VI (Humphrey 2008); Cohort studies; gender analysis, all participants combined, random-effects | RR 1.31 [1.08, 1.59] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Coronary heart disease (CHD) Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR I (Bahekar 2007); case-control studies; fixed-effects model | OR 2.22 [1.59, 3.12] Moderate 5 studies · 1423 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Cerebrovascular disease Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR VIII (Khader 2004); observational studies; all studies; random-effects model | RR 1.13 [1.01, 1.27] Moderate 6 studies · 36915 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Myocardial infarction (MI) Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR XIV (Qin 2021); cohort studies; gender: women; random-effects model | OR 1.39 [1.17, 1.65] GRADE not reported 1 study · 39863 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Stroke Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR XI (Leira 2017); observational studies; all studies; random-effects model | RR 2.88 [1.53, 5.41] Moderate 8 studies · 14091 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CHD (acute coronary syndrome) SR XII (Meregildo-Rodriguez 2022); Observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional); gender analysis, all participants combined, random-effects | OR 1.35 [1.24, 1.45] GRADE not reported 37 studies · 6714856 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Coronary heart disease (CHD) Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR XII (Meregildo-Rodriguez 2022); cohort studies; random-effects model | OR 1.13 [1.05, 1.21] Moderate 17 studies · 6787657 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Coronary heart disease (CHD) Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR V (Gao 2021); cohort studies; PerioD vs non-PerioD; fixed-effects model | OR 1.18 [1.10, 1.26] Moderate 10 studies · 175795 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Coronary heart disease (CHD) Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR I (Bahekar 2007); cross-sectional studies; fixed-effects model | OR 1.59 [1.33, 1.91] Moderate 5 studies · 17809 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Myocardial infarction (MI) Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR X (Larvin 2020); cohort and trial studies; MI; random-effects model | RR 1.12 [0.96, 1.30] Moderate 6 studies · 771925 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Coronary heart disease (CHD) Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR XII (Meregildo-Rodriguez 2022); cross-sectional studies; random-effects model | OR 1.67 [0.79, 3.50] Moderate 4 studies · 9056 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CVD SR X (Larvin 2020); RCT and cohort studies; gender analysis, all participants combined, random-effects | RR 1.04 [0.92, 1.17] GRADE not reported 16 studies · 6467175 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Coronary heart disease (CHD) Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR VIII (Khader 2004); cohort studies; random-effects model | RR 1.14 [1.04, 1.25] Moderate 6 studies · 85693 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Coronary heart disease (CHD) Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR VII (Janket 2003); cohort studies; all studies (CHD); random-effects model | RR 1.19 [1.08, 1.32] Moderate 9 studies · 7035 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Coronary heart disease (CHD) Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR VI (Humphrey 2008); cohort studies; all studies; random-effects model | RR 1.24 [1.01, 1.51] Moderate 6 studies · 33163 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Peripheral vascular disease (PVD/PAD) Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR XVII (Wang 2019); observational studies; CAD (carotid atherosclerosis); random-effects model | OR 1.39 [1.24, 1.56] Moderate 16 studies · 18902 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Stroke Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR XI (Leira 2017); case-control studies; random-effects model | RR 3.04 [1.10, 8.43] Moderate 5 studies · 1845 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CVD SR X (Larvin 2020); RCT and cohort studies; region analysis, all studies combined, random-effects | RR 1.20 [1.14, 1.26] GRADE not reported 30 studies · 10007700 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR XVII (Wang 2019); observational studies; LEAD; random-effects model | OR 3.00 [2.23, 4.04] Moderate 9 studies · 4468 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Cardiovascular disease (CVD), overall Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR II (Blaizot 2009); cohort studies; fixed-effects model | RR 1.34 [1.27, 1.42] Moderate 7 studies · 147821 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Stroke Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR XI (Leira 2017); observational studies; all studies; fixed-effects model | RR 1.07 [1.03, 1.11] Moderate 8 studies · 14091 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Coronary heart disease (CHD) Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR VIII (Khader 2004); cohort studies; fatal CHD; random-effects model | RR 1.20 [0.90, 1.60] Moderate 3 studies · 9777 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Coronary heart disease (CHD) Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR X (Larvin 2020); cohort and trial studies; CHD; random-effects model | RR 1.14 [1.08, 1.21] Moderate 13 studies · 3332392 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Stroke Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR XI (Leira 2017); cohort studies; random-effects model | RR 2.52 [1.77, 3.58] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 12246 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Stroke Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR XI (Leira 2017); observational studies; low-quality studies; fixed-effects model | RR 1.06 [1.02, 1.10] Moderate 4 studies · 12341 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Coronary heart disease (CHD) Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR I (Bahekar 2007); cohort studies; fixed-effects model | RR 1.14 [1.07, 1.21] Moderate 5 studies · 86092 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Stroke Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR XI (Leira 2017); observational studies; high-quality studies; fixed-effects model | RR 4.83 [3.13, 7.46] Moderate 4 studies · 1750 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Stroke Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR X (Larvin 2020); cohort and trial studies; stroke; random-effects model | RR 1.24 [1.12, 1.38] Moderate 18 studies · 3651223 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Cardiovascular disease (CVD), overall Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR X (Larvin 2020); cohort and trial studies; random-effects model | RR 1.20 [1.14, 1.28] Moderate 26 studies · 9491880 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Stroke Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR XI (Leira 2017); observational studies; low-quality studies; random-effects model | RR 2.02 [1.06, 3.85] Moderate 4 studies · 12341 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Cerebrovascular disease Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR VIII (Khader 2004); cohort studies; random-effects model | RR 1.11 [0.98, 1.25] Moderate 4 studies · 33744 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Myocardial infarction (MI) Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR XIV (Qin 2021); cohort studies; moderate-quality studies; random-effects model | OR 1.09 [0.94, 1.24] Moderate 5 studies · 98715 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Stroke Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR XI (Leira 2017); cohort studies; fixed-effects model | RR 2.52 [1.77, 3.58] Moderate 3 studies · 12246 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older with periodontal disease (as defined by each included SR) | Periodontal disease (exposure) | No periodontal disease | Stroke Umbrella review of systematic reviews of observational studies · SR VII (Janket 2003); cohort studies; fatal stroke; random-effects model | RR 1.54 [1.10, 2.17] Moderate 5 studies · 4733 participants |
| Women aged 16 years or older | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CHD SR VI (Humphrey 2008); Cohort studies; random-effects | RR 1.59 [1.28, 1.96] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Women aged 16 years or older | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CVD SR X (Larvin 2020); RCT and cohort studies; random-effects | RR 1.11 [1.02, 1.22] GRADE not reported 6 studies · 1691927 participants |
| Women aged 16 years or older | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | MI SR XVIII (Xu 2017); Observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional); random-effects; female pooled studies | OR 1.64 [1.20, 2.25] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Women aged 16 years or older | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CHD (acute coronary syndrome) SR XII (Meregildo-Rodriguez 2022); Observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional); random-effects | OR 1.96 [0.62, 6.17] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 40056 participants |
| Men aged 16 years or older | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CHD SR VI (Humphrey 2008); Cohort studies; random-effects | RR 1.23 [0.92, 1.64] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Men aged 16 years or older | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CHD (acute coronary syndrome) SR XII (Meregildo-Rodriguez 2022); Observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional); random-effects | OR 1.48 [1.11, 1.97] GRADE not reported 7 studies · 51374 participants |
| Men aged 16 years or older | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CVD SR X (Larvin 2020); RCT and cohort studies; random-effects | RR 1.16 [1.08, 1.25] GRADE not reported 14 studies · 4775248 participants |
| Men aged 16 years or older | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | MI SR XVIII (Xu 2017); Observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional); random-effects; male pooled studies | OR 1.18 [0.96, 1.44] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Men aged 16 years or older | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | MI SR XIV (Qin 2021); Cohort studies; random-effects | OR 1.05 [0.89, 1.24] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 498053 participants |
| Adults aged 65 years or younger | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CHD SR VII (Janket 2003); Cohort studies; age 65 years or younger, random-effects | RR 1.44 [1.20, 1.73] GRADE not reported 6 studies · 2890 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older | Severe periodontitis | Mild periodontitis | CVD SR X (Larvin 2020); RCT and cohort studies; random-effects | RR 1.11 [1.00, 1.22] GRADE not reported 18 studies · 4724176 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older | Severe periodontitis | No periodontitis | ACVD SR XIX (Zeng 2015); Cross-sectional and case-control studies; fixed-effect | OR 1.14 [1.06, 1.23] GRADE not reported 5 studies · 13369 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older | Severe periodontitis | No periodontitis | CVD SR X (Larvin 2020); RCT and cohort studies; random-effects | RR 1.25 [1.15, 1.35] GRADE not reported 18 studies · 2165275 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older | Moderate periodontitis | No periodontitis | CVD SR X (Larvin 2020); RCT and cohort studies; random-effects | RR 1.23 [1.14, 1.32] GRADE not reported 15 studies · 2291839 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older | Moderate periodontitis | No periodontitis | ACVD SR XIX (Zeng 2015); Cross-sectional and case-control studies; fixed-effect | OR 1.10 [1.04, 1.16] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 13166 participants |
| Adults aged 16 years or older | Mild periodontitis | No periodontitis | CVD SR X (Larvin 2020); RCT and cohort studies; random-effects | RR 1.09 [1.05, 1.14] GRADE not reported 12 studies · 2558901 participants |
| Adults in studies from North America | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CHD (acute coronary syndrome) SR XII (Meregildo-Rodriguez 2022); Observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional); random-effects | OR 1.30 [1.16, 1.46] GRADE not reported 13 studies · 134107 participants |
| Adults in studies from North America | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CVD SR II (Blaizot 2009); Cohort studies; fixed-effect; test for regional difference p 0.08 | RR 1.50 [1.34, 1.68] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults in studies from North America | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CVD SR X (Larvin 2020); RCT and cohort studies; random-effects | RR 1.15 [1.09, 1.26] GRADE not reported 16 studies · 835583 participants |
| Adults in studies from North America | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CVD SR II (Blaizot 2009); Cross-sectional and case-control studies; random-effects; test for regional difference p 0.08 | OR 2.02 [1.49, 2.73] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults in studies from Scandinavia | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CVD SR II (Blaizot 2009); Cross-sectional and case-control studies; random-effects; test for regional difference p 0.08 | OR 2.00 [1.27, 3.15] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults in studies from Scandinavia | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CVD SR II (Blaizot 2009); Cohort studies; fixed-effect; test for regional difference p 0.08 | RR 1.30 [1.17, 1.44] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults in studies from China | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CVD SR II (Blaizot 2009); Cohort studies; fixed-effect; test for regional difference p 0.08 | RR 1.28 [1.17, 1.40] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults in studies from Europe | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CHD (acute coronary syndrome) SR XII (Meregildo-Rodriguez 2022); Observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional); random-effects | OR 1.92 [1.59, 2.31] GRADE not reported 20 studies · 126163 participants |
| Adults in studies from Europe | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CVD SR X (Larvin 2020); RCT and cohort studies; random-effects | RR 1.36 [1.20, 1.54] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 134035 participants |
| Adults in studies from Europe | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CVD SR II (Blaizot 2009); Cross-sectional and case-control studies; random-effects; test for regional difference p 0.08 | OR 3.95 [2.54, 6.15] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults in studies from South America | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CHD (acute coronary syndrome) SR XII (Meregildo-Rodriguez 2022); Observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional); random-effects | OR 4.43 [2.39, 8.23] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 920 participants |
| Adults in studies from South America | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CVD SR II (Blaizot 2009); Cross-sectional and case-control studies; random-effects; test for regional difference p 0.08 | OR 2.34 [1.48, 3.70] GRADE not reported Studies not reported |
| Adults in studies from Asia or Asia/Australia | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CHD (acute coronary syndrome) SR XII (Meregildo-Rodriguez 2022); Observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional); Asia, random-effects | OR 1.09 [0.96, 1.25] GRADE not reported 9 studies · 6545096 participants |
| Adults in studies from Asia or Asia/Australia | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CVD SR X (Larvin 2020); RCT and cohort studies; Asia/Australia, random-effects | RR 1.20 [1.11, 1.30] GRADE not reported 10 studies · 9038082 participants |
| Adults in studies from Europe vs Asia/Australia | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CVD SR X (Larvin 2020); RCT and cohort studies; random-effects | RR 1.18 [1.03, 1.35] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 9172117 participants |
| Adults in studies from Europe vs North America | Periodontitis (periodontal disease) | No periodontitis | CVD SR X (Larvin 2020); RCT and cohort studies; random-effects | RR 1.03 [0.93, 1.13] GRADE not reported 16 studies · 969618 participants |
Included primary studies 172
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chen 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 3 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Abnet 2005 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ajwani 2003 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Batty 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Cabrera 2005 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Choe 2009 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dietrich 2008 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Heitmann 2008 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Holmlund 2010 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Holmlund 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Humphrey 2008 (SR VI) Periodontal disease and coronary heart disease incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PMID:18807098 | 2008 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hung 2003 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hung 2004 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Joshipura 1996 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Joshipura 2003 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Joshy 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lafon 2014 (SR IX) Periodontal disease and stroke: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. PMID:24712659 | 2014 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| LaMonte 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Liljestrand 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Morrison 1999 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mucci 2009 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tuominen 2003 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Abolfazli 2011 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Amar 2003 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Andriankaja 2006 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Andriankaja 2007 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Anyaipoma 2011 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Aoyama 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Arbes 1999 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bahekar 2007 (SR I) The prevalence and incidence of coronary heart disease is significantly increased in periodontitis: a meta-analysis. PMID:17967586 | 2007 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Barilli 2006 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bazile 2002 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Beck 1996 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Beck 2001 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Beck 2005 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Blaizot 2009 (SR II) Periodontal diseases and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis of observational studies. PMID:19774803 | 2009 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bloemenkamp 2002 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Blum 2007 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Briggs 2006 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Buhlin 2002 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Buhlin 2003 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Buhlin 2005 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Cairo 2008 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Cairo 2009 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Çalapkorur 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Carallo 2010 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Carallo 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chen 2008 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Choe 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Coelho 2005 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Coelho 2010 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Cueto 2005 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| de Boer 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Demmer 2008 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| DeStefano 1993 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Desvarieux 2004 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Desvarieux 2005 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dietrich 2013 (SR III) The epidemiological evidence behind the association between periodontitis and incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. PMID:23627335 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Diouf 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dörfer 2004 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dorn 2010 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Elter 2003 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Elter 2004 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Elter 2006 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Engebretson 2005 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Fagundes 2019 (SR IV) Periodontitis As A Risk Factor For Stroke: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. PMID:31806984 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Franek 2006 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Franek 2012 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Frisk 2003 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Fröhlich 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gao 2021 (SR V) Periodontitis and Number of Teeth in the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: An Updated Meta-Analysis. PMID:34421117 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Geerts 2004 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Geismar 2006 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Genco 1997 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ghizoni 2012 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Górski 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gotsman 2007 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Grau 1997 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Grau 2004 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hansen 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hayashida 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Heaton 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Higashi 2008 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Higashi 2009 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Holmlund 2006 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Holmlund 2011 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Howell 2001 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hujoel 2000 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hujoel 2001 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Janket 2003 (SR VII) Meta-analysis of periodontal disease and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. PMID:12738947 | 2003 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jansson 2002 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jeffcoat 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jimenez 2009 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jung 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kamak 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Katz 2001 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Khader 2004 (SR VIII) Periodontal diseases and the risk of coronary heart and cerebrovascular diseases: a meta-analysis. PMID:15455730 | 2004 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Khatri 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Khosravi 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Khouja 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kodovazenitis 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kure 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lafon 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Larvin 2020 (SR X) Risk of incident cardiovascular disease in people with periodontal disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PMID:33124761 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Latronico 2007 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Leira 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Leira 2017 (SR XI) Association between periodontitis and ischemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PMID:27300352 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Leivadarios 2005 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Liljestrand 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Loesche 1998 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lopez 2002 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lopez 2011 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lopez-Jornet 2012 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lysek 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Malthaner 2002 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mattila 1995 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mendez 1998 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mercanoglu 2004 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Meregildo-Rodriguez 2022 (SR XII) Periodontal disease as a non-traditional risk factor for acute coronary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PMID:36482952 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Moher 2009 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Montebugnoli 2004 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Nicolosi 2003 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Niswade 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Noguchi 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Nonnenmacher 2007 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Orlandi 2014 (SR XIII) Association between periodontal disease and its treatment, flow-mediated dilatation and carotid intima-media thickness: a systematic… PMID:25014033 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Palm 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Parkar 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Persson 2002 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Persson 2003 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Piconi 2009 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Pinho 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Pradeep 2010 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Puhar 2012 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Pussinen 2005 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Qin 2021 (SR XIV) Periodontal disease and myocardial infarction risk: A meta-analysis of cohort studies. PMID:33866268 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ramesh 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ravon 2003 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rech 2006 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Recht 2007 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Renvert 2004 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Renvert 2010 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rivas-Tumanyan 2012 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ruiz 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rutger 2003 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Rydén 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Schillinger 2006 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Seinost 2005 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Senba 2008 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sfyroeras 2012 (SR XV) Association between periodontal disease and stroke. PMID:22244863 | 2012 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Söder 2005 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Söder 2007 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Söder 2009 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sotto-Barreras 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Southerland 2012 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Spahr 2006 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Starkmammart 2008 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sujal 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tezuka 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Tonetti 2007 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Vidal 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Viera 2011 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Voinescu 2019 (SR XVI) Evidence of Connections Between Periodontitis and Ischemic Cardiac Disease - an Updated Systematic Review. PMID:32153670 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wang 2019 (SR XVII) matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| WIllershausen 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wojtkowska 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wozakowska-Kaplon 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Xu & Lu 2011 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Xu 2017 (SR XVIII) The association between periodontal disease and the risk of myocardial infarction: a pooled analysis of observational studies. PMID:28143450 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ylostalo 2010 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zahnd 2012 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zeng 2015 (SR XIX) Periodontal disease and carotid atherosclerosis: A meta-analysis of 17,330 participants. PMID:26638053 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Humans aged 16 years or older | Adults with periodontitis vs without in 19 systematic reviews (173 primary studies) |
| Intervention | Periodontitis (periodontal disease), any definition and severity | Periodontitis |
| Comparison | Individuals without periodontitis | No periodontitis (or milder periodontitis) |
| Outcomes | Cardiovascular disease (cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart disease, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease) and cardiovascular events (stroke, myocardial infarction) | CVD (13 SRs: cerebrovascular disease 1, CHD 8, ACVD 4, PVD 1) and CVE (8 SRs: stroke 6, MI 3) |
| Study designs | Systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis | 19 systematic reviews (27 meta-analyses for CVD, 23 for CVE) of cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |