Non-Cochrane · aetiology · PM41331978
The Impact of Nutritional Status on Oral Health Outcomes and Management in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Srisanoi Kittipit, Wnuk Ines, Maniewicz Sabrina, et al. · Gerodontology · 2026 · PubMed · doi:10.1111/ger.70030
Findings
Population Older adults aged 75 years or older (mean age)
10 findings
| At risk of malnutrition (MNA/MNA-SF) | Well-nourished | Number of teeth | SMD -0.29 [-0.46, -0.11] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 567 participants |
| Fewer than 20 teeth without removable dental prosthesis (RDP) | Fewer than 20 teeth with removable dental prosthesis (RDP) | Malnutrition | OR 4.00 [1.21, 13.18] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 526 participants |
| Self-reported chewing problems | No chewing problems | Malnutrition risk (at risk of malnutrition, MNA/MNA-SF) Sensitivity analysis excluding Soini 2006 | OR 1.54 [1.06, 2.23] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 4570 participants |
| Self-reported chewing problems | No chewing problems | Malnutrition | OR 2.38 [1.74, 3.26] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 7273 participants |
| Self-reported chewing problems | No chewing problems | Malnutrition risk (at risk of malnutrition, MNA/MNA-SF) | OR 1.18 [0.59, 2.36] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Subjective swallowing problems (EAT-10) | No swallowing problems | Malnutrition risk (at risk of malnutrition, MNA/MNA-SF) | OR 3.27 [2.21, 4.82] GRADE not reported 4 studies · 625 participants |
| Objective swallowing problems (cervical auscultation) | No swallowing problems | Malnutrition | OR 3.18 [2.20, 4.61] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 1002 participants |
| Subjective dry mouth (dichotomous questionnaire) | No dry mouth | Malnutrition | OR 2.35 [1.91, 2.88] GRADE not reported 2 studies · 3896 participants |
| Subjective dry mouth (dichotomous questionnaire or Xerostomia Inventory) | No dry mouth | Malnutrition risk (at risk of malnutrition, MNA/MNA-SF) | OR 1.34 [0.62, 2.89] GRADE not reported 4 studies |
| Subjective oral pain (dichotomous questionnaire) | No oral pain | Malnutrition risk (at risk of malnutrition, MNA/MNA-SF) | OR 0.68 [0.52, 0.89] GRADE not reported 3 studies · 3385 participants |
Included primary studies 154
Open in Studies| Study | Year | Also included by | Outcomes it informs here | Trial data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Müller 2013 Implant-supported mandibular overdentures in very old adults: a randomized controlled trial. PMID:24158342 | 2013 | 3 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Liang 2020 Impact of periodontal disease and chewing ability on the quality of life of the elderly in an affluent community. PMID:31982268 | 2020 | 2 other reviews | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Iwasaki 2021 A Two-Year Longitudinal Study of the Association between Oral Frailty and Deteriorating Nutritional Status among Community-Dwelling Older… DOI:10.3390/ijerph18010213 | 2020 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Krzyminska‐Siemaszko 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Nakagawa 2024 Oral frailty, appetite and dietary variety in late-stage older adults: A cross-sectional study (the STudy of lAte-stage oldeR adulTs in… PMID:38714504 | 2024 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ohta 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Saarela 2014 Dentition status, malnutrition and mortality among older service housing residents DOI:10.1007/s12603-013-0358-3 | 2014 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Saarela 2019 Burden of Oral Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life in Long-Term Care Settings in Helsinki, Finland DOI:10.1007/s12603-019-1268-9 | 2019 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Salmi 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Shen 2023 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wu 2018 Oral health indicators for risk of malnutrition in elders DOI:10.1007/s12603-017-0887-2 | 2018 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wu 2020 Effects of an Eating Ability Promotion Program for Community-Dwelling Older Adults. PMID:32376105 | 2020 | 1 other review | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Amagai 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Amagai 2017 The effect of prosthetic rehabilitation and simple dietary counseling on food intake and oral health related quality of life among the… PMID:28739319 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ambrosio‐Palma 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ambrosio‐Palma 2022 Prevalence and Biological Correlates of Oropharyngeal Dysphagia in Outpatients of a Geriatric Evaluation Clinic: A Brief Report. PMID:34515126 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bakker 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Bakker 2018 Are Edentulousness, Oral Health Problems and Poor Health-Related Quality of Life Associated with Malnutrition in Community-Dwelling… PMID:30545100 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Beck 2010 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Beck 2010 Physical and social functional abilities seem to be maintained by a multifaceted randomized controlled nutritional intervention among old… PMID:19596459 | 2010 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Boulos 2014 Factors associated with poor nutritional status among community dwelling Lebanese elderly subjects living in rural areas: Results of the… DOI:10.1007/s12603-014-0463-y | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Boulos 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chen 2006 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chen 2007 Revisiting the concept of malnutrition in older people. PMID:17419795 | 2007 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chew 2023 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chew 2023 Frailty Screening and Detection of Geriatric Syndromes in Acute Inpatient Care: Impact on Hospital Length of Stay and 30-Day Readmissions. PMID:37743682 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chiesi 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chiesi 2019 Older People Living in Nursing Homes: An Oral Health Screening Survey in Florence, Italy. PMID:31546837 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chou 2023 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Chou 2023 A comprehensive assessment of oral health, swallowing difficulty, and nutritional status in older nursing home residents. PMID:37964096 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| D.Garriguet 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| de Medeiros 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dewake 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dewake 2017 Relationships among sense of coherence, oral health status, nutritional status and care need level of older adults according to path… PMID:28345311 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dormenval 1998 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Dormenval 1998 Associations between malnutrition, poor general health and oral dryness in hospitalized elderly patients. PMID:16296671 | 1998 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| El Helou 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| El Osta 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Feldblum 2007 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Feldblum 2007 Characteristics of undernourished older medical patients and the identification of predictors for undernutrition status. PMID:17980023 | 2007 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Forcano‐Sanjuan 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Forcano‐Sanjuan 2018 Nutritional screening in a case management program for community-living older individuals at high risk of hospital admission. PMID:34654222 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Fukuyama 2024 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Fukuyama 2024 Association between oral health and nutritional status among older patients requiring long-term care who received home-visit dental care. PMID:38462493 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Furuta 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Furuta 2013 Interrelationship of oral health status, swallowing function, nutritional status, and cognitive ability with activities of daily living in… PMID:22934613 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Galesi‐Pacheco 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gao 2024 Association of oral health with nutritional status of the older adults: a cross-sectional study. PMID:39535606 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gil‐Montoya 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Gil‐Montoya 2013 Association of the oral health impact profile with malnutrition risk in Spanish elders. PMID:23763956 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Griep 2000 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Griep 2000 Risk of malnutrition in retirement homes elderly persons measured by the "mini-nutritional assessment". PMID:10737686 | 2000 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Han and Kim 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Hélou 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Holst 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Holst 2013 Nutritional screening and risk factors in elderly hospitalized patients: association to clinical outcome? PMID:23181396 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Iwasaki 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Iwasaki 2016 Hyposalivation and dietary nutrient intake among community-based older Japanese. PMID:25952943 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Iwasaki 2020 Association between Oral Frailty and Nutritional Status Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Takashimadaira Study DOI:10.1007/s12603-020-1511-4 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Iwasaki 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Iwasaki 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Izumi 2020 Impact of Tongue Pressure and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate on Nutritional Status Of Older Residents of Nursing Homes in Japan: A… DOI:10.1007/s12603-020-1347-y | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Izumi 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Julkunen 2024 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jürschik 2010 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Jürschik 2010 High rates of malnutrition in older adults receiving different levels of health care in Lleida, Catalonia: an assessment of contributory… PMID:21104512 | 2010 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kanazawa 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kanazawa 2019 Combined effects of new complete denture fabrication and simplified dietary advice on nutrient intake in edentulous elderly patients for 6… PMID:30280328 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Keller 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Keller 2017 Prevalence and Determinants of Poor Food Intake of Residents Living in Long-Term Care. PMID:28668663 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Khoury 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Khoury 2022 The association between oral health and nutritional status in older adults: a cross-sectional study. PMID:35689206 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kikutani 2006 Effects of oral functional training for nutritional improvement in Japanese older people requiring long-term care. PMID:16677182 | 2006 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kikutani 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kikutani 2013 Relationship between nutrition status and dental occlusion in community-dwelling frail elderly people. PMID:22489562 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kotronia 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kucuk and Kapucu 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Kuijk 2021 Dentition and nutritional status of aged New Zealanders living in aged residential care. PMID:33443812 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lamy 1999 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lamy 1999 Oral status and nutrition in the institutionalized elderly. PMID:10399411 | 1999 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Leung 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Leung 2016 Factors associated with chewing problems and oral dryness among older Chinese people in Hong Kong. PMID:27534607 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Liang 2020 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lindmark 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lindmark 2018 Oral health matters for the nutritional status of older persons-A population-based study. PMID:29076209 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lopez‐Jornet 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Lopez‐Jornet 2013 Effect of oral health dental state and risk of malnutrition in elderly people. PMID:22530802 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mann 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mann 2013 The association between chewing and swallowing difficulties and nutritional status in older adults. PMID:23713640 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Medeiros 2020 Masticatory function in nursing home residents: Correlation with the nutritional status and oral health-related quality of life. PMID:32964471 | 2020 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Meguro 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Meguro 2022 Denture wearing is associated with nutritional status among older adults requiring long-term care: A cross-sectional study. PMID:35028076 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mojon 1999 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mojon 1999 Relationship between oral health and nutrition in very old people. PMID:10529041 | 1999 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mudge 2011 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Mudge 2011 Helping understand nutritional gaps in the elderly (HUNGER): a prospective study of patient factors associated with inadequate nutritional… PMID:21262553 | 2011 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Müller 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Nakagawa 2024 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Nihtilä 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Nihtilä 2019 The combined effect of individually tailored xerostomia and nutritional interventions on dry mouth among nutritionally compromised old… PMID:30945350 | 2019 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Nishio 2024 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Nishio 2024 Relationship between malnutrition according to the global leadership initiative on malnutrition criteria and oral health among… PMID:39097715 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Nykänen 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Nykänen 2013 Nutritional screening in a population-based cohort of community-dwelling older people. PMID:22539629 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ohta 2022 Oral function and nutritional status in non-acute hospitalised elders. PMID:34913521 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Osta 2022 Dental Criteria Could Alert for Malnutrition Risk and Inappropriate Choice of Food Texture in Older Subjects with Dementia: An Analytical… PMID:36429816 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Osterberg 2002 Masticatory ability in 80-year-old subjects and its relation to intake of energy, nutrients and food items. PMID:12542218 | 2002 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Österberg 2002 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Paillaud 2004 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Paillaud 2004 Oral candidiasis and nutritional deficiencies in elderly hospitalised patients. PMID:15533276 | 2004 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Papas 1998 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Papas 1998 The effects of denture status on nutrition. PMID:9791303 | 1998 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Poisson 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Poisson 2016 Relationships between oral health, dysphagia and undernutrition in hospitalised elderly patients. PMID:24612262 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Pols‐Vijlbrief 2014 Determinants of protein-energy malnutrition in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review of observational studies. PMID:25257179 | 2014 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ramage‐Morin and Garriguet 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ritchie 1997 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Ritchie 1997 Nutritional status of urban homebound older adults. PMID:9322555 | 1997 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| S.Kapucu 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| S.Kim 2016 Does denture-wearing status in edentulous South Korean elderly persons affect their nutritional intakes? PMID:24641726 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Saarela 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Saarela 2016 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Saarela 2016 Dentition, nutritional status and adequacy of dietary intake among older residents in assisted living facilities. PMID:25163661 | 2016 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Saarela 2019 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sadamori 2012 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Sadamori 2012 Nutritional status and oral status of the elderly with dementia: a 2-year study. PMID:21910747 | 2012 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Salmi 2022 Eating problems among old home care clients DOI:10.1002/cre2.585 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Schmalz 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Schmalz 2021 Oral Health-Related Quality of Life, Oral Conditions, and Risk of Malnutrition in Older German People in Need of Care-A Cross-Sectional… PMID:33499288 | 2021 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Shen 2023 Association of the number of natural teeth with dietary diversity and nutritional status in older adults: A cross-sectional study in China. PMID:36122930 | 2023 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Shiraishi 2017 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Shiraishi 2017 Poor oral status is associated with rehabilitation outcome in older people. PMID:27150279 | 2017 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Soini 2003 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Soini 2003 Oral and nutritional status in frail elderly. PMID:15085957 | 2003 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Soini 2005 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Soini 2006 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Solemdal 2012 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Solemdal 2012 Association between oral health and body cell mass in hospitalised elderly. PMID:22187971 | 2012 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Stratidaki 2024 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Stratidaki 2024 A Study of Factors Contributing to the Nutritional Status of Elderly People Receiving Home Care. PMID:39339735 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Syrjala 2013 Salivary flow rate and risk of malnutrition - a study among dentate, community-dwelling older people. PMID:22582846 | 2013 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Syrjälä 2013 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| van der Pols‐Vijlbrief 2014 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| van Kuijk 2021 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wakabayashi 2018 Occlusal Support, Dysphagia, Malnutrition, and Activities of Daily Living in Aged Individuals Needing Long-Term Care: A Path Analysis DOI:10.1007/s12603-017-0897-0 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wakabayashi 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wallace 2018 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wallace 2018 Impact of prosthodontic rehabilitation on the masticatory performance of partially dentate older patients: Can it predict nutritional… PMID:29129784 | 2018 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Won 2024 Impact of Subjective Masticatory Difficulty on Malnutrition and Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. PMID:39697036 | 2025 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Wu 2024 Relationships between oral function, dietary intake and nutritional status in older adults aged 75 years and above: a cross-sectional study. PMID:38822295 | 2024 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yodogawa 2022 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Yodogawa 2022 Effects of food neophobia and oral health on the nutritional status of community-dwelling older adults. PMID:35436942 | 2022 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zenthöfer 2015 matched by author and year (probable) | NR | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
| Zenthöfer 2015 Prosthetic rehabilitation of edentulism prevents malnutrition in nursing home residents. PMID:25822309 | 2015 | this review only | not stated | not extracted yet |
Overlap with other reviews
Reviews that include the same primary studies are not independent evidence. Shared counts match studies by PMID, DOI or NCT, and otherwise by author and year (a probable match). Only the non-Cochrane dental reviews have study lists, so overlap with Cochrane reviews is not counted yet.
Review question
| Element | Planned (methods) | Found (results) |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Older adults aged 75 years or older (mean age >= 75 years); sample size >= 10 participants per study group | Older adults aged 75 years or older; meta-analysis studies were community-dwelling (n=7), institutionalised (n=5), care-dependent (n=3) and geriatric outpatients (n=1) (83 studies included overall; 16 in meta-analysis) |
| Intervention | Nutritional state (exposure): malnutrition or nutritional risk assessed by MNA, MNA-SF or other nutritional evaluation tools | Malnutrition or risk of malnutrition by MNA or MNA-SF (n=16 meta-analysis studies); other nutritional tools reported descriptively only |
| Comparison | Presence versus absence of the oral health factor; well-nourished versus at risk of malnutrition or malnourished | Well-nourished versus at risk of malnutrition (number of teeth); denture wearers versus non-wearers; with versus without chewing problems, swallowing problems, dry mouth, oral pain |
| Outcomes | Oral health outcomes and their management: dentition status, number of teeth, prosthetic rehabilitation, dry mouth or hyposalivation, oral hygiene, oral frailty, oral problems (chewing, swallowing, pain) | Number of teeth (n=3); removable denture status with <20 teeth (n=2); chewing problems (n=4 and n=3); swallowing problems (n=4 subjective, n=2 objective); dry mouth (n=4 and n=2); oral pain (n=3) |
| Study designs | Association studies (cross-sectional, cohort) and interventional studies (RCTs, non-RCTs) | Mainly cross-sectional studies; one prospective cohort (Won 2024) in the meta-analysis; 7 interventional studies (6 RCTs, 1 non-RCT) reported descriptively |
| Timing | Not specified | Not specified |