Gingival index (GI) · Individuals assessed for periodontal health (mainly children and adolescents, age >2 years)
Persons with orofacial cleft have a higher gingival index than healthy controls (MD 0.15, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.19; low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical attachment level (CAL) · Individuals assessed for periodontal health (mainly children and adolescents, age >2 years)
Clinical attachment level loss is greater in persons with orofacial cleft than in healthy controls (p<0.00001), but no pooled effect size was reported (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Bleeding on Probing (BoP)
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 study
GRADE not reported
Bleeding Index (BI) · Individuals assessed for periodontal health (mainly children and adolescents, age >2 years)
Bleeding index is significantly higher in persons with orofacial cleft than in healthy controls (p<0.0001), but no pooled effect size was reported (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Oral microbiota composition · Individuals assessed for oral microbiota (mainly children and adolescents)
Oral microbiota composition differs between persons with orofacial cleft and healthy controls, synthesized qualitatively across 8 studies but not meta-analyzed (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
8 studies
GRADE not reported
Plaque · Patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP)
Plaque index does not differ significantly between unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate (MD -0.13, 95% CI -0.38 to 0.12; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Probing pocket depth · Individuals assessed for periodontal health (mainly children and adolescents, age >2 years)
Persons with orofacial cleft have a greater probing pocket depth than healthy controls (MD 0.88, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.95; low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Plaque · Individuals assessed for periodontal health (mainly children and adolescents, age >2 years)
Persons with orofacial cleft have a higher plaque index than healthy controls (MD 0.29, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.34; low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Periodontitis (prevalence) · adults
Using adjusted ORs, caries remained associated with higher periodontitis odds (OR 1.57).
3 findings from 1 review
Dental caries prevalence · adults
With a non-standard periodontitis definition, the association persisted (OR 1.38).
12 findings from 1 review
Show 9 more findings
Dental caries · Children and adolescents aged 0-18 years with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (CLP)
Pooling 3 studies, children/adolescents with CLP were about 2.03 times more likely to have dental caries than non-CLP controls (p<0.005; low heterogeneity), though most included studies were at high risk of bias; the evidence is ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Periodontopathogenic microbiota composition
1 finding from 1 review
Lactobacillus spp. salivary/plaque counts (cariogenic microbiota) · Children and adolescents aged 0-18 years with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (CLP)
A meta-analysis found no significant difference in mean Lactobacillus spp. levels between children with and without CLP, with high heterogeneity; the evidence is ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Periodontal parameters (all measures pooled) in OC cases vs controls · Adults in case-control studies (oral cancer patients vs healthy controls)
Pooling all periodontal measures, oral cancer patients had worse periodontal status than controls (SMD 0.95, 95% CI 0.41-1.49; very high heterogeneity, I2=96.8%); ungraded. Note this pools clinically different measures.
1 finding from 1 review
Streptococcus mutans count · Children and adolescents aged 0-18 years with non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (CLP)
A meta-analysis of 2 studies found no difference in mean Streptococcus mutans levels between children with and without CLP, with very high heterogeneity; the evidence is ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Probing pocket depth · Adults in case-control studies (oral cancer patients vs healthy controls)
Periodontal pocket depth did not differ significantly between oral cancer patients and controls (SMD 1.64, 95% CI -0.20 to 3.47; very high heterogeneity); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Salivary S. mutans level · Patients with aggressive periodontitis
Salivary Actinobacillus and S. mutans levels were negatively associated.
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.08 [0.01, 0.85]
1 study
GRADE not reported
Malignant transformation (oral cancer development) · Adults in case-control studies of oral cancer; people assessed for periodontitis
Periodontitis is associated with roughly a threefold higher odds of oral cancer (pooled OR 2.94, 95% CI 2.13-4.07; low certainty of evidence), though heterogeneity is moderate (I2=52.4%).
1 finding from 1 review
Mean DMFT (decayed, missing, filled teeth) · adults
Patients with periodontitis had a non-significantly higher mean DMFT (WMD 0.87).
1 finding from 1 review
Alveolar bone loss · Adults in case-control studies (oral cancer patients vs healthy controls)
Alveolar bone loss did not differ significantly between oral cancer patients and controls (SMD 0.18, 95% CI -2.34 to 2.69; extreme heterogeneity); ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review