Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) vs Healthy controls without cleft: Gingival index (GI)
- Population
- Individuals assessed for periodontal health (mainly children and adolescents, age >2 years)
- Intervention
- Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P)
- Comparison
- Healthy controls without cleft
- Outcome
- Gingival index (GI)
Persons with orofacial cleft have a higher gingival index than healthy controls (MD 0.15, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.19; low certainty).
What each review found
Include earlier review versions| Finding | Effect | Studies | GRADE certainty |
|---|---|---|---|
Orofacial cleft (cleft lip and/or palate) as exposure vs Healthy controls without cleft Gingival Index (GI) · Individuals assessed for periodontal health (mainly children and adolescents, age >2 years) · Clinical dental examination; various countries (e.g., Brazil, India, China, Thailand, USA) Persons with orofacial cleft have a higher gingival index than healthy controls (MD 0.15, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.19; low certainty). Oral health in patients with cleft lip and palate: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of… (2025) All outcomes | MD 0.15 [0.11, 0.19] | 4 studies · 488 participants | Low |
Findings are shown side by side, never pooled across reviews.
The reviews
| Review | Searched up to | Included studies | AMSTAR 2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Oral health in patients with cleft lip and palate: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of periodontal and dental disease and… 2025 All outcomes | March 2023 to January 2024 | 30 | Not applicable |
Studies behind the findings
The primary studies the full-text reviews tie to this outcome. Reviews with headline outcomes only do not list them here.
- Incidence and prevalence of oral candidal colonization in patients with cleft lip and palate. · 2023 · included by 1 of these review
- Oral health in 4-6 years children with cleft lip/palate: a case control study. · 2014 · included by 1 of these review
- Oral health status and oral impacts on quality of life in early adolescent cleft patients. · 2014 · included by 1 of these review
- Distribution of corticotrophin releasing factor activity within the hypothalamic-pituitary complex of rats and cattle. · 1977 · included by 1 of these review
How reviews are matched to this question
Reviews word the same question differently. Four decision models (TypeSafe's Jev, Liquid AI's d1-ultra, SubQ Snap and Baseten's Elephant) judged each wording of the population, intervention, comparator and outcome against the others; two wordings count as the same when at least three of them agree and none clearly disagrees, and findings count as this question only when all four elements match. Timing, setting and subgroup never split a question: they are shown on each finding.