Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

15 questions · 15 findings · 4 reviews

No studies found 5 · 33.3%GRADE not reported 1 · 6.7%Very low 2 · 13.3%Low 3 · 20%Moderate 2 · 13.3%High 2 · 13.3%

procaine vs placebo

cognitive function improvement in "healthy" elderly persons Wechsler's memory scale2 · "healthy" old persons and demented women

procaine may leads to higher cognitive function improvement in "healthy" elderly persons… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

procaine vs placebo

cognitive function improvement in demented women Wechsler's memory scale2 · "healthy" old persons and demented women

It is very uncertain whether procaine changes cognitive function improvement in demented women Wechsler's memory… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

procaine vs placebo

overall changes from baseline in "healthy persons7 ‐ not measured · "healthy" old persons and demented women

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

procaine vs placebo

overall changes from baseline in demented women · "healthy" old persons and demented women

It is very uncertain whether procaine changes overall changes from baseline in demented women compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

procaine vs placebo

total adverse events in "healthy" persons · "healthy" old persons and demented women

procaine may leads to higher total adverse events in "healthy" persons compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs 2‐chloroprocaine · adults undergoing surgery

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine showed no clear difference in presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs 2‐chloroprocaine compared with other local anaesthetic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs procaine · adults undergoing surgery

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine probably leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs procaine compared with other local anaesthetic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic treatment (benzathine penicillin) vs other antibiotics

Serological cure (4‐fold decrease or greater in non‐treponemal tests titre) · newborns with congenital syphilis

Antibiotic treatment (benzathine penicillin) showed no clear difference in serological cure (4‐fold decrease or greater in non‐treponemal tests… compared with any other antibiotic (procaine benzylpenicillin) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotic treatment (benzathine penicillin) vs other antibiotics

Absence of clinical manifestations of congenital syphilis during · newborns with congenital syphilis

Antibiotic treatment (benzathine penicillin) showed no clear difference in absence of clinical manifestations of congenital syphilis during compared with any other antibiotic (procaine benzylpenicillin) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review