Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

383 questions · 414 findings · 46 reviews · Hypertension

No studies found 15 · 3.6%GRADE not reported 31 · 7.5%Very low 80 · 19.3%Low 148 · 35.7%Moderate 116 · 28%High 24 · 5.8%

Antihypertensive drug class vs placebo

Angiotensin receptor blocker (any dose) Mean duration of 4 weeks · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes
2 findings from 1 review

Intensive periodontal treatment (subgingival SRP with or without other periodontal treatment) vs Supra-gingival scaling

Proportion of participants diagnosed with hypertension at trial completion · Adults (any age/sex) with chronic periodontitis (>=5 teeth remaining; PPD >4 mm), with or without hypertension

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs ARB

Total mortality · people with primary hypertension

All angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors showed no clear difference in total mortality compared with all angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs ARB

Cardiovascular events · people with primary hypertension

All angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors showed no clear difference in total cardiovascular events compared with all angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs ARB

Withdrawals due to adverse events · people with primary hypertension

All angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors leads to lower withdrawal due to adverse effects compared with all angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any antihypertensive drug vs placebo or no treatment

Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity Mean duration of 3.7 years · adults 60 years or older with primary hypertension

Antihypertensive drug probably leads to lower cardiovascular mortality and morbidity Mean duration of 3.7 years compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any antihypertensive drug vs placebo or no treatment

Coronary heart disease mortality + morbidity · adults 60 years or older with primary hypertension

Antihypertensive drug probably leads to lower coronary heart disease mortality and morbidity Mean duration of 2.9… compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy vs placebo or no treatment

All‐cause mortality · adults (18 years of age or older) with hypertension‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy

It is very uncertain whether antihypertensive therapy changes all‐cause mortality compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy vs placebo or no treatment

Cardiovascular events · adults (18 years of age or older) with hypertension‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy

It is very uncertain whether antihypertensive therapy changes cardiovascular events compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy vs placebo or no treatment

Total serious adverse events · adults (18 years of age or older) with hypertension‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy

It is very uncertain whether antihypertensive therapy changes total serious adverse events compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy vs placebo or no treatment

Heart failure hospitalisation (RR) · adults (18 years of age or older) with hypertension‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy

It is very uncertain whether antihypertensive therapy changes hospitalisation for heart failure compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy vs placebo or no treatment

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults (18 years of age or older) with hypertension‐induced left ventricular hypertrophy

It is very uncertain whether antihypertensive therapy changes withdrawal due to adverse events compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug class vs placebo

Beta‐blocker (any dose) Mean duration of 4 weeks · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes
2 findings from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug class vs placebo

Calcium channel blocker (any dose) Mean duration of 3 weeks · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes
2 findings from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug class vs placebo

Beta‐blocker/thiazide combination (any dose) Mean duration of 10 weeks · children (from 1 to 18 years of age) with hypertension from primary or secondary causes
2 findings from 1 review

Antihypertensive drug therapy vs control

Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity Mean duration of 3.7 years · adults aged 18‐59 years with primary hypertension (mild to moderate systolic or diastolic hypertension)

Antihypertensive drug therapy may leads to lower total cardiovascular mortality + morbidity compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review