Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

327 questions · 337 findings · 47 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 69 · 20.5%GRADE not reported 35 · 10.4%Very low 49 · 14.5%Low 73 · 21.7%Moderate 63 · 18.7%High 48 · 14.2%

Screening vs routine practice

Number of new diagnoses · vulnerable population: senior 65 years of age or older

Screening probably leads to higher number of new diagnoses: systematic screening vs routine practice compared with routine practice (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Lung cancer screening with chest radiography +/‐ sputum cytology vs less intense screening

Mortality: lung cancer · Patients with lung cancer

Lung cancer screening with chest radiography +/‐ sputum cytology showed no clear difference in lung cancer mortality ‐ More frequent chest x‐ray screening versus… compared with less intense screening (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Lung cancer screening with chest radiography +/‐ sputum cytology vs less intense screening

All‐cause mortality ‐ More frequent chest x‐ray screening versus less frequent screening · Patients with lung cancer

Lung cancer screening with chest radiography +/‐ sputum cytology showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality ‐ More frequent chest x‐ray screening versus… compared with less intense screening (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lung cancer screening with chest radiography +/‐ sputum cytology vs less intense screening

Lung cancer 5‐year survival ‐ More frequent chest x‐ray screening versus less frequent screening · Patients with lung cancer

Lung cancer screening with chest radiography +/‐ sputum cytology may leads to lower lung cancer 5‐year survival ‐ More frequent chest x‐ray screening… compared with less intense screening (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Universal screening vs risk‐factor screening

Gestational diabetes · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus

Universal screening may leads to higher gestational diabetes mellitus compared with risk‐factor screening (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review