Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

392 questions · 405 findings · 52 reviews

No studies found 96 · 23.7%GRADE not reported 57 · 14.1%Very low 64 · 15.8%Low 77 · 19%Moderate 63 · 15.6%High 48 · 11.9%

Screening vs routine practice

Number of new diagnoses · vulnerable population: senior 65 years of age or older

Screening probably leads to higher number of new diagnoses: systematic screening vs routine practice compared with routine practice (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Lung cancer screening with chest radiography +/‐ sputum cytology vs less intense screening

Mortality: lung cancer · Patients with lung cancer

Lung cancer screening with chest radiography +/‐ sputum cytology showed no clear difference in lung cancer mortality ‐ More frequent chest x‐ray screening versus… compared with less intense screening (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Lung cancer screening with chest radiography +/‐ sputum cytology vs less intense screening

All‐cause mortality ‐ More frequent chest x‐ray screening versus less frequent screening · Patients with lung cancer

Lung cancer screening with chest radiography +/‐ sputum cytology showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality ‐ More frequent chest x‐ray screening versus… compared with less intense screening (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lung cancer screening with chest radiography +/‐ sputum cytology vs less intense screening

Lung cancer 5‐year survival ‐ More frequent chest x‐ray screening versus less frequent screening · Patients with lung cancer

Lung cancer screening with chest radiography +/‐ sputum cytology may leads to lower lung cancer 5‐year survival ‐ More frequent chest x‐ray screening… compared with less intense screening (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Visual screening (oral visual inspection) by trained health workers vs No screening

Harms of screening (false-positive/false-negative outcomes) · Apparently healthy adults aged 35 years or older (general population), living in 13 clusters in rural areas of Trivandrum city, Kerala,…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Universal screening vs risk‐factor screening

Gestational diabetes · pregnant women, excluding women already diagnosed with GDM in this pregnancy and those with pre‐existing diabetes mellitus

Universal screening may leads to higher gestational diabetes mellitus compared with risk‐factor screening (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review