Antibiotics prescribed by clinicians · patients (or parents of child patients) with acute upper respiratory tract infections
Written information for patients (or parents of child patients) plus… may leads to higher antibiotics prescribed by clinicians compared with prescribing feedback alone (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intermittent positive pressure ventilation during hospital stay · children with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure
It is very uncertain whether continuous negative extrathoracic pressure ventilation changes intermittent positive pressure ventilation during hospital stay compared with control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants given an antibiotic prescription within 28 days · patients with sore throat
1 finding from 1 review
Prevention ‐ any AOM or CSOM during intervention · patients with the prevention of acute and chronic suppurative otitis media in children
Antibiotic probably leads to lower prevention ‐ any AOM or CSOM during intervention compared with control ‐ primary outcomes (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Incidence of mechanical ventilation · children with acute bronchiolitis
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) showed no clear difference in proportion of children requiring mechanical ventilation compared with supportive treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Time to recovery · children with acute bronchiolitis
1 finding from 1 review
Change in respiratory rate at 20 minutes · children with acute bronchiolitis
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) showed no clear difference in mean change in respiratory rate (breaths/min) compared with supportive treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · children with acute bronchiolitis
1 finding from 1 review
Less than 30% FiO2 after 1 hour of therapy · children with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure
It is very uncertain whether continuous negative extrathoracic pressure ventilation changes less than 30% FiO2 after 1 hour of therapy compared with control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
CPAP during hospital stay · children with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure
It is very uncertain whether continuous negative extrathoracic pressure ventilation changes CPAP during hospital stay compared with control (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants who used prescribed antibiotics for acute URTIs · children, adults, and the elderly
Intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics probably leads to lower number of participants who used prescribed antibiotics for acute URTIs compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants given an antibiotic prescription at index consultation  · people with acute respiratory infections
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants given an antibiotic prescription within 28 days · people with acute respiratory infections
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants given an antibiotic prescription at index consultation  · people with acute respiratory infections
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants given an antibiotic prescription within 28 days · people with acute respiratory infections
1 finding from 1 review
Prevalance of pneumonia · school‐aged children (6 to 15 years) and marine corps recruits (mean age 18.5 years)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Antibiotic prescriptions (number of courses/person/year) **Corticosteroids not meta‐analysed · adults (> 18 years of age) with either COPD or recurrent acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
The intervention may leads to higher antibiotic prescriptions (number of courses/person/year)… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pneumonia prevalence · children aged 2 months to 59 months
Zinc supplementation may leads to lower pneumonia prevalence compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pressure ulcers · adults requiring mechanical ventilation
Semi‐recumbent position (30º to 60º) showed no clear difference in pressure ulcers compared with supine position (0° to 10°) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Mean FEV1 % predicted ‐ azithromycin prophylaxis only · children with cystic fibrosis aged 12 years and under
1 finding from 1 review