Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,935 questions · 1,986 findings · 260 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 503 · 25.3%GRADE not reported 76 · 3.8%Very low 593 · 29.9%Low 509 · 25.6%Moderate 241 · 12.1%High 64 · 3.2%

Multi‐component intervention vs other treatments/routine care

Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

It is very uncertain whether multi‐component intervention changes exacerbations: number of people experiencing at least one exacerbation compared with other intervention or routine, usual care or control treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention vs usual care

Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · COPD and at least one other long‐term condition

It is very uncertain whether intervention changes exacerbations ‐ number of people experiencing one or more  compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review