Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

110 questions · 115 findings · 9 reviews · Anaesthesia

No studies found 29 · 25.2%GRADE not reported 12 · 10.4%Very low 26 · 22.6%Low 29 · 25.2%Moderate 13 · 11.3%High 6 · 5.2%

Lidocaine vs placebo

Incidence of pain with lidocaine pretreatment Pain scales · adults and children undergoing general anaesthesia including the muscle relaxant rocuronium bromide

Lidocaine may leads to lower pain ‐ lidocaine compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lidocaine vs control (air/saline)

Sore throat · patients presenting with postoperative sore throat

lidocaine may leads to lower risk of sore throat 12 hours to 30 hours after the operation compared with control (air/saline) (low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS –lidocaine vs bupivacaine · adults undergoing surgery

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine probably leads to lower presence of any TNS –lidocaine vs bupivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs 2‐chloroprocaine · adults undergoing surgery

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine showed no clear difference in presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs 2‐chloroprocaine compared with other local anaesthetic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs levobupivacaine · adults undergoing surgery

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine may leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs levobupivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs mepivacaine · adults undergoing surgery

It is very uncertain whether risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine changes presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs mepivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs prilocaine · adults undergoing surgery

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine probably leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs prilocaine compared with other local anaesthetic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs procaine · adults undergoing surgery

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine probably leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs procaine compared with other local anaesthetic (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine vs other local anaesthetic

Presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs ropivacaine · adults undergoing surgery

Risk of transient neurological symptoms with spinal lidocaine may leads to lower presence of any TNS – lidocaine vs ropivacaine compared with other local anaesthetic (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

2% lidocaine, 1:50,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

Success of local anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy pulps) · Participants of any age and gender undergoing dental procedures, and volunteers who took part in simulated scenario studies in which…

It is very uncertain whether 2% lidocaine, 1:50,000 epinephrine changes success of local anaesthesia (pulpal, electric pulp tester; healthy… compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review