Low birthweight · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy
Calcium showed no clear difference in birthweight < 2500 g compared with placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy
It is very uncertain whether calcium changes apgar < 7 at 5 minutes compared with placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Perinatal death, or NICU admission for > 24 hours (or both) · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy
Calcium showed no clear difference in perinatal death, or NICU admission for > 24 hours (or both) compared with placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pregnancy loss, stillbirth or neonatal death before discharge · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy
Calcium showed no clear difference in pregnancy loss, stillbirth or NND before discharge compared with placebo (offspring outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) · healthy pregnant women receiving calcium supplementation vs placebo or no treatment
Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in preterm birth (a) Birth prior to 37 weeks compared with placebo or no treatment (maternal outcomes) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Preterm birth less than 34 weeks' gestation · healthy pregnant women receiving calcium supplementation vs placebo or no treatment
Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in preterm birth (b) Birth prior to 34 weeks compared with placebo or no treatment (maternal outcomes) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Low birthweight · healthy pregnant women receiving calcium supplementation vs placebo or no treatment
Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in low birthweight (< 2500 g) compared with placebo or no treatment (maternal outcomes) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never · treating leg cramps in pregnancy
It is very uncertain whether oral calcium changes frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never compared with no treatment (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never · treating leg cramps in pregnancy
It is very uncertain whether oral calcium changes frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never compared with oral vitamin C (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pre‐eclampsia · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy
Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in pre‐eclampsia compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pre‐eclampsia, or pregnancy loss, or stillbirth (or combination) at any gestational age · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy
Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in pre‐eclampsia, or pregnancy loss, or stillbirth (or combination) at… compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Severe maternal morbidity and mortality index · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy
Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in severe maternal morbidity and mortality index compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pregnancy loss or stillbirth at any gestational age · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy
Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in pregnancy loss or stillbirth at any gestational age compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caesarean section · women who are not yet pregnant and women in the early stages of pregnancy
Calcium supplementation showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with placebo (maternal outcomes) commencing before or early (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women and their infants..
1 finding from 1 review
Gestational diabetes · pregnant women and their infants..
It is very uncertain whether vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals changes gestational diabetes compared with calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maternal adverse event: hypercalcaemia · pregnant women and their infants..
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events ‐ Hypercalciuria · pregnant women and their infants..
1 finding from 1 review
Preterm birth · pregnant women and their infants..
Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals showed no clear difference in preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) compared with calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Low birthweight · pregnant women and their infants..
Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals showed no clear difference in low birthweight (less than 2500 g) compared with calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review