Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

7 questions · 7 findings · 2 reviews · Anaesthesia · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 0 · 0%Low 2 · 28.6%Moderate 3 · 42.9%High 2 · 28.6%

Buffered vs non‐buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid

Mortality (in‐hospital death and 30‐day mortality) · adults receiving intravenous fluids whilst undergoing any form of surgery

Buffered showed no clear difference in mortality (in‐hospital death and 30‐day mortality) compared with non‐buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative administration of buffered versus non‐buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid to improve outcomes… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.85 [0.37, 9.33]
3 studies · 267 participants
Low

Buffered vs non‐buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid

Organ system failure ‐ renal insufficiency requiring support · adults receiving intravenous fluids whilst undergoing any form of surgery

Buffered showed no clear difference in organ system failure ‐ renal insufficiency requiring support compared with non‐buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative administration of buffered versus non‐buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid to improve outcomes… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.82 [0.34, 1.98]
4 studies · 267 participants
Low

Buffered vs non‐buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid

Plasma pH ‐ postoperative pH · adults receiving intravenous fluids whilst undergoing any form of surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative administration of buffered versus non‐buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid to improve outcomes… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 720 participants
Moderate

Buffered vs non‐buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid

Postoperative chloride mmol/L · adults receiving intravenous fluids whilst undergoing any form of surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative administration of buffered versus non‐buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid to improve outcomes… 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 530 participants
Moderate

Plain lidocaine vs buffered lidocaine

Injection site pain · Patients requiring local anaesthesia

1 finding from 1 review

Adjusting the pH of lidocaine for reducing pain on injection 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 685 participants
Moderate

Plain lidocaine vs buffered lidocaine

Personal preference · Patients requiring local anaesthesia

Plain lidocaine leads to higher preference compared with buffered lidocaine (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adjusting the pH of lidocaine for reducing pain on injection 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 3.01 [1.19, 4.15]
8 studies · 346 participants
High

Plain lidocaine vs buffered lidocaine

Adverse events · Patients requiring local anaesthesia

1 finding from 1 review

Adjusting the pH of lidocaine for reducing pain on injection 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 182 participants
High