Mortality (in‐hospital death and 30‐day mortality) · adults receiving intravenous fluids whilst undergoing any form of surgery
Buffered showed no clear difference in mortality (in‐hospital death and 30‐day mortality) compared with non‐buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Organ system failure ‐ renal insufficiency requiring support · adults receiving intravenous fluids whilst undergoing any form of surgery
Buffered showed no clear difference in organ system failure ‐ renal insufficiency requiring support compared with non‐buffered crystalloid intravenous fluid (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Plasma pH ‐ postoperative pH · adults receiving intravenous fluids whilst undergoing any form of surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Postoperative chloride mmol/L · adults receiving intravenous fluids whilst undergoing any form of surgery
1 finding from 1 review
Overall mortality (in‐hospital death) · critically ill adults and children
1 finding from 1 review
Acute renal Injury (defined as RIFLE or AKIN criteria by study authors) · critically ill adults and children
1 finding from 1 review
Organ system dysfunction (during admission) · critically ill adults and children
1 finding from 1 review
Electrolyte disturbances · critically ill adults and children
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Plasma potassium, mmol/L (during admission) · critically ill adults and children
1 finding from 1 review
Plasma chloride, mmol/L (during admission) · critically ill adults and children
1 finding from 1 review
Plasma pH (during admission) · critically ill adults and children
1 finding from 1 review
Plasma bicarbonate, mmol/L (during admission) · critically ill adults and children
1 finding from 1 review
Dry mouth (xerostomia) · Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy,…
1 finding from 1 review
Persson 2007 (crossover, n=14, institutionalised elderly): no dry mouth symptom data after treatment were presented.
1 study · 14 participants
GRADE not reported
Salivary flow rate · Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy,…
1 finding from 1 review
Oral health (oral pH, cariogenic bacteria, Candida) · Adults seeking treatment for the symptom of dry mouth (xerostomia) due to any cause (e.g. medication, Sjogren's syndrome, radiotherapy,…
1 finding from 1 review
No difference between buffered gel, unbuffered gel and water for oral pH, cariogenic bacteria or Candida species.
1 study · 14 participants
GRADE not reported
Pain with dilation (10 mL 2% lidocaine)a,b · people requesting a surgical abortion at 13+6 weeks' gestation or less (Chin 2020 included people experiencing an early pregnancy loss)
1 finding from 1 review
Pain with dilation (20 mL 1% lidocaine)d,e · people requesting a surgical abortion at 13+6 weeks' gestation or less (Chin 2020 included people experiencing an early pregnancy loss)
1 finding from 1 review
Pain with aspiration (lidocaine)a,b · people requesting a surgical abortion at 13+6 weeks' gestation or less (Chin 2020 included people experiencing an early pregnancy loss)
1 finding from 1 review
Pain with aspiration (20 mL 1% lidocaine)d,e · people requesting a surgical abortion at 13+6 weeks' gestation or less (Chin 2020 included people experiencing an early pregnancy loss)
1 finding from 1 review
Pain with dilation ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion in the first trimester
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found