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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,971 questions · 9,849 findings · 853 reviews

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No studies found 1,150 · 11.7%GRADE not reported 3,387 · 34.4%Very low 1,963 · 19.9%Low 1,809 · 18.4%Moderate 1,207 · 12.3%High 333 · 3.4%

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Second molar mesially inclined at extraction vs Second molar upright at extraction

Spontaneous space closure · Children and adolescents after extraction of a mandibular permanent first molar (before eruption of the second molar)

In the mandible, mesial inclination of the second molar vs upright was not significantly associated with space closure (OR 0.68; not GRADE-rated).

1 finding from 1 review

Breastfeeding for <4 months vs Breastfeeding for ≥4 months

Early childhood caries (ECC) · Preschool children (<6 years)

Breastfeeding for <4 vs ≥4 months was not significantly associated with early childhood caries (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.80-1.13; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Cesarean section delivery vs Vaginal delivery

Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children with average age ≤3 years

No significant association between cesarean vs vaginal delivery and ECC among children with average age ≤3 years (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.67-1.10).

1 finding from 1 review

Obesity (Unclassified) vs Normal Weight or Non‐Obese

Caries experience (mean DMFT) · Brazilian children in primary dentition (BMI classified by CDC 2000 growth charts)

Obesity may make little or no difference to caries experience (dmft) in the primary dentition (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Teledentistry (index test): dental caries diagnosis from photographs taken with DSLR or smartphone cameras; store-and-forward vs Visual or clinical examination

Positive predictive value · Children and adults with primary or permanent dentition undergoing dental caries assessment

Positive predictive value was reported in 10 studies and varied widely across studies (about 42% to 99%); no pooled estimate and certainty not graded.

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo or control

Salivary pH · Children and/or adolescents (<18 years) without background systemic disease

Probiotics may make little to no difference to salivary pH versus control (MD -0.12 pH units, 95%CI -0.72 to 0.48; very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) screening vs visual assessment

Readmission for phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia · newborns for hyperbilirubinemia

Summary of findings table ‐ Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) screening probably leads to lower readmission for phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia compared with visual assessment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) screening vs visual assessment

Exchange transfusion · newborns for hyperbilirubinemia

Summary of findings table ‐ Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) screening showed no clear difference in exchange transfusion compared with visual assessment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) screening vs visual assessment

Phototherapy before hospital discharge · newborns for hyperbilirubinemia

Summary of findings table ‐ Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) screening probably leads to higher phototherapy before hospital discharge compared with visual assessment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) screening vs visual assessment

Acute bilirubin encephalopathy · newborns for hyperbilirubinemia

Summary of findings table ‐ Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) screening showed no clear difference in acute bilirubin encephalopathy compared with visual assessment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Pegylated interferon beta‐1a (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1512 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…

The intervention may leads to lower pegylated interferon beta‐1a (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1512… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Mitoxantrone (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 51 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…

The intervention may leads to lower mitoxantrone (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 51 participants) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Natalizumab (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 942 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…

The intervention leads to lower natalizumab (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 942 participants) (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Teriflunomide (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1169 participants) · Patients with RRMS Interventions: Azathioprine, daclizumab, fingolimod, glatiramer acetate, Immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1a ‐1b,…

The intervention may leads to lower teriflunomide (Direct evidence; 1 RCT; 1169 participants) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review