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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,000 questions in 69 reviews · Urology
current versionsNo studies 196 · 19.6%Ungraded 33 · 3.3%Very low 198 · 19.8%Low 354 · 35.4%Moderate 206 · 20.6%High 13 · 1.3%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Pazopanib vs placebo (targeted agent versus placebo) Overall survival (absolute effect size estimates based on survival rate at 24 months) · Previous treated and treatment‐naïve (54%) metastatic renal cell carcinoma (clear cell type) Targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (2020) · Cochrane | HR 0.91 [0.72, 1.16] | 1 study · 435 participants | Low |
Pazopanib vs placebo (targeted agent versus placebo) Serious adverse events (Grade 3 or 4) · Previous treated and treatment‐naïve (54%) metastatic renal cell carcinoma (clear cell type) Targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (2020) · Cochrane | RR 2 [1.4, 2.85] | 1 study · 435 participants | High |
Pazopanib vs placebo (targeted agent versus placebo) Health‐related quality of life · Previous treated and treatment‐naïve (54%) metastatic renal cell carcinoma (clear cell type) Targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 300 participants | High |
Pazopanib vs sunitinib (targeted agent versus targeted agent) Health‐related quality of life (mean change value) · Treatment‐naïve metastatic renal cell carcinoma (clear cell type) Targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 467 participants | Low |
Tivozanib vs sorafenib (targeted agent versus targeted agent) Progression‐free survival (absolute effect size estimates based on survival rate at 12 months) · Treatment‐naïve metastatic renal cell carcinoma (clear cell type) Targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (2020) · Cochrane | HR 0.79 [0.64, 0.99] | 1 study · 517 participants | Low |
Abiraterone + ADT vs ADT alone Time to death from any cause · men with metastatic, hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer Abiraterone acetate in combination with androgen deprivation therapy compared to androgen deprivation… (2020) · Cochrane | HR 0.64 [0.56, 0.73] | 2 studies · 2201 participants | High |
Abiraterone + ADT vs ADT alone Quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐prostate [FACT‐P; range 0 to 156; higher values = better quality of life]) measured at 12 months · men with metastatic, hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer Abiraterone acetate in combination with androgen deprivation therapy compared to androgen deprivation… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 838 participants | Moderate |
Abiraterone + ADT vs ADT alone Grades III to V adverse events (severe and life threatening, as per the Common Toxicity Criteria v3.0; ) measured at a median · men with metastatic, hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer Abiraterone acetate in combination with androgen deprivation therapy compared to androgen deprivation… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.34 [1.22, 1.47] | 1 study · 1199 participants | High |
Abiraterone + ADT vs ADT alone Time to death due to prostate cancer measured at a median · men with metastatic, hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer Abiraterone acetate in combination with androgen deprivation therapy compared to androgen deprivation… (2020) · Cochrane | HR 0.58 [0.5, 0.68] | 2 studies · 2201 participants | Moderate |
Abiraterone + ADT vs ADT alone Time to disease progression measured at a median · men with metastatic, hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer Abiraterone acetate in combination with androgen deprivation therapy compared to androgen deprivation… (2020) · Cochrane | HR 0.35 [0.26, 0.49] | 2 studies · 2097 participants | Moderate |
Abiraterone + ADT vs ADT alone Discontinued treatment due to adverse events measured at a median · men with metastatic, hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer Abiraterone acetate in combination with androgen deprivation therapy compared to androgen deprivation… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.5 [1.17, 1.92] | 1 study · 1199 participants | Moderate |
Convective radiofrequency water vapour thermal therapy vs sham procedure Urologic symptom score · lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia Convective radiofrequency water vapour thermal therapy for lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 195 participants | Low |
Convective radiofrequency water vapour thermal therapy vs sham procedure Quality of life · lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia Convective radiofrequency water vapour thermal therapy for lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 195 participants | Moderate |
Convective radiofrequency water vapour thermal therapy vs sham procedure Major adverse events · lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia Convective radiofrequency water vapour thermal therapy for lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 6.79 [0.39, 117] | 1 study · 197 participants | Very low |
Convective radiofrequency water vapour thermal therapy vs sham procedure Retreatment · lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia Convective radiofrequency water vapour thermal therapy for lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.36 [0.06, 32.86] | 1 study · 197 participants | Very low |
Convective radiofrequency water vapour thermal therapy vs sham procedure Erectile function · lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia Convective radiofrequency water vapour thermal therapy for lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 130 participants | Low |
Convective radiofrequency water vapour thermal therapy vs sham procedure Ejaculatory function · lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia Convective radiofrequency water vapour thermal therapy for lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign… (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 130 participants | Low |
Alpha‐blocker as adjuvant medical expulsive therapy plus usual care vs usual care Stone clearance assessed by imaging · adults with renal and ureteral stones undergoing shock wave lithotripsy Alpha‐blockers after shock wave lithotripsy for renal or ureteral stones in adults (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 36 studies · 4084 participants | Low |
Alpha‐blocker as adjuvant medical expulsive therapy plus usual care vs usual care Auxiliary treatment · adults with renal and ureteral stones undergoing shock wave lithotripsy Alpha‐blockers after shock wave lithotripsy for renal or ureteral stones in adults (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 1251 participants | Low |
Alpha‐blocker as adjuvant medical expulsive therapy plus usual care vs usual care Major adverse events determined by study investigators · adults with renal and ureteral stones undergoing shock wave lithotripsy Alpha‐blockers after shock wave lithotripsy for renal or ureteral stones in adults (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 747 participants | Low |
Alpha‐blocker as adjuvant medical expulsive therapy plus usual care vs usual care Quality of life · adults with renal and ureteral stones undergoing shock wave lithotripsy Alpha‐blockers after shock wave lithotripsy for renal or ureteral stones in adults (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Alpha‐blocker as adjuvant medical expulsive therapy plus usual care vs usual care Stone clearance time measured in days · adults with renal and ureteral stones undergoing shock wave lithotripsy Alpha‐blockers after shock wave lithotripsy for renal or ureteral stones in adults (2020) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 14 studies · 1790 participants | Low |
Retzius‐sparing RALP vs standard RALP Urinary continence within 1 week after catheter removal MCID: 5% absolute difference · men (ages > 18 years) with clinically localized prostate cancer Retzius‐sparing versus standard robotic‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy for the treatment of clinically… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.74 [1.41, 2.14] | 4 studies · 410 participants | Moderate |
Retzius‐sparing RALP vs standard RALP Urinary continence 3 months after surgery MCID: 5% absolute difference · men (ages > 18 years) with clinically localized prostate cancer Retzius‐sparing versus standard robotic‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy for the treatment of clinically… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [1.06, 1.68] | 5 studies · 526 participants | Low |
Retzius‐sparing RALP vs standard RALP Serious adverse events · men (ages > 18 years) with clinically localized prostate cancer Retzius‐sparing versus standard robotic‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy for the treatment of clinically… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.4 [0.47, 4.17] | 2 studies · 230 participants | Very low |
Retzius‐sparing RALP vs standard RALP Urinary continence 12 months after surgery MCID: 5% absolute difference · men (ages > 18 years) with clinically localized prostate cancer Retzius‐sparing versus standard robotic‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy for the treatment of clinically… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.97, 1.04] | 2 studies · 222 participants | Moderate |
Retzius‐sparing RALP vs standard RALP Potency 12 months after surgery MCID: 5% absolute difference · men (ages > 18 years) with clinically localized prostate cancer Retzius‐sparing versus standard robotic‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy for the treatment of clinically… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.54, 1.8] | 1 study · 55 participants | Very low |
Retzius‐sparing RALP vs standard RALP Positive surgical margins MCID: 5% absolute difference · men (ages > 18 years) with clinically localized prostate cancer Retzius‐sparing versus standard robotic‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy for the treatment of clinically… (2020) · Cochrane | RR 1.95 [1.19, 3.2] | 3 studies · 308 participants | Low |
Retzius‐sparing RALP vs standard RALP Biochemical recurrence‐free survival · men (ages > 18 years) with clinically localized prostate cancer Retzius‐sparing versus standard robotic‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy for the treatment of clinically… (2020) · Cochrane | HR 0.45 [0.13, 1.6] | 2 studies · 218 participants | Very low |
Early vs deferred AST Time to death of any cause (here: all‐cause mortality at 5 years) · advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer Early versus deferred standard androgen suppression therapy for advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.82 [0.75, 0.9] | 10 studies · 4767 participants | Moderate |
Early vs deferred AST Serious adverse events · advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer Early versus deferred standard androgen suppression therapy for advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.95, 1.16] | 5 studies · 10575 participants | Low |
Early vs deferred AST Time to death from prostate cancer (here: prostate cancer mortality at 5 years) · advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer Early versus deferred standard androgen suppression therapy for advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | HR 0.69 [0.57, 0.84] | 7 studies · 3677 participants | Moderate |
Early vs deferred AST Skeletal events · advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer Early versus deferred standard androgen suppression therapy for advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.37 [0.17, 0.8] | 3 studies · 2209 participants | Low |
Early vs deferred AST Fatigue · advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer Early versus deferred standard androgen suppression therapy for advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.41 [1.23, 1.62] | 2 studies · 8209 participants | Low |
Early vs deferred AST Heart failure · advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer Early versus deferred standard androgen suppression therapy for advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.9 [1.09, 3.33] | 1 study · 1214 participants | Low |
Early vs deferred AST Global quality of life · advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer Early versus deferred standard androgen suppression therapy for advanced hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 285 participants | Moderate |
BTURP vs MTURP Urological symptoms (IPSSa at 12 monthsa) · men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction Bipolar versus monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 16 studies · 2531 participants | Moderate |
BTURP vs MTURP Bother (HRQoLc at 12 months) · men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction Bipolar versus monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 11 studies · 2004 participants | Moderate |
BTURP vs MTURP TUR syndrome · men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction Bipolar versus monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.17 [0.09, 0.3] | 44 studies · 6745 participants | Moderate |
BTURP vs MTURP Urinary incontinence at 12 months · men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction Bipolar versus monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.2 [0.01, 4.06] | 4 studies · 751 participants | Low |
BTURP vs MTURP Blood transfusion · men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction Bipolar versus monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.42 [0.3, 0.59] | 38 studies · 5727 participants | Moderate |
BTURP vs MTURP Re‐TURP · men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction Bipolar versus monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary… (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.02 [0.44, 2.4] | 6 studies · 652 participants | Low |
BTURP vs MTURP Erectile function (IIEF‐5e score at 12 months) · men with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction Bipolar versus monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary… (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 321 participants | Moderate |
Postoperative parenteral nutrition vs oral nutrition alone Complications Perioperative nutrition for the treatment of bladder cancer by radical cystectomy (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.4 [1.07, 1.82] | 1 study · 157 participants | Low |
Early postoperative feeding vs standard management Complications Perioperative nutrition for the treatment of bladder cancer by radical cystectomy (2019) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [0.85, 1.53] | 1 study · 102 participants | Very low |
Early postoperative feeding vs standard management Length of hospital stay Perioperative nutrition for the treatment of bladder cancer by radical cystectomy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 102 participants | Low |
Early postoperative feeding vs standard management Mortality Perioperative nutrition for the treatment of bladder cancer by radical cystectomy (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.52 [0.1, 2.71] | 1 study · 102 participants | Low |
Amino acid solution, alone or in combination with dextrose vs dextrose solution Complications Perioperative nutrition for the treatment of bladder cancer by radical cystectomy (2019) · Cochrane | RR 0.77 [0.32, 1.82] | 2 studies · 104 participants | Very low |
Amino acid solution, alone or in combination with dextrose vs dextrose solution Length of hospital stay Perioperative nutrition for the treatment of bladder cancer by radical cystectomy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 44 participants | Very low |
Amino acid solution, alone or in combination with dextrose vs dextrose solution Mortality Perioperative nutrition for the treatment of bladder cancer by radical cystectomy (2019) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |