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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
487 questions in 49 reviews · Breast Cancer
current versionsNo studies 44 · 9%Ungraded 14 · 2.9%Very low 108 · 22.2%Low 128 · 26.3%Moderate 107 · 22%High 86 · 17.7%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings: Decentralised vs centralised follow‐up Disease‐free survival · women treated for early breast cancer Follow‐up strategies for women treated for early breast cancer (2016) · Cochrane | HR 1.06 [0.76, 1.47] | 2 studies · 1264 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings: Decentralised vs centralised follow‐up Quality of life5 · women treated for early breast cancer Follow‐up strategies for women treated for early breast cancer (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 356 participants | High |
High‐dose chemotherapy vs chemotherapy without bone marrow transplant or stem cell rescue Overall survival at 5‐year · women with early poor prognosis breast cancer High‐dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow or stem cell transplantation versus conventional… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.96, 1.04] | 8 studies · 3566 participants | High |
High‐dose chemotherapy vs chemotherapy without bone marrow transplant or stem cell rescue Event‐free survival at 5‐year · women with early poor prognosis breast cancer High‐dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow or stem cell transplantation versus conventional… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.99, 1.1] | 8 studies · 3566 participants | High |
High‐dose chemotherapy vs chemotherapy without bone marrow transplant or stem cell rescue Treatment‐related mortality · women with early poor prognosis breast cancer High‐dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow or stem cell transplantation versus conventional… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 7.97 [3.99, 15.92] | 14 studies · 5600 participants | High |
High‐dose chemotherapy vs chemotherapy without bone marrow transplant or stem cell rescue Second cancers at 4 ‐ 9‐year median · women with early poor prognosis breast cancer High‐dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow or stem cell transplantation versus conventional… (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.25 [0.9, 1.73] | 7 studies · 3423 participants | High |
Hypofractionated radiation therapy vs conventionally fractionated radiation therapy Local recurrence‐free survival (LR‐FS) at 10 years · women treated with breast conserving therapy for early breast cancer Hypofractionated radiation therapy for early breast cancer (2016) · Cochrane | HR 0.94 [0.77, 1.15] | 4 studies · 7095 participants | High |
Hypofractionated radiation therapy vs conventionally fractionated radiation therapy Cosmesis · women treated with breast conserving therapy for early breast cancer Hypofractionated radiation therapy for early breast cancer (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.81, 1.01] | 4 studies · 2103 participants | High |
Hypofractionated radiation therapy vs conventionally fractionated radiation therapy Mortality at 10 years · women treated with breast conserving therapy for early breast cancer Hypofractionated radiation therapy for early breast cancer (2016) · Cochrane | HR 0.91 [0.8, 1.03] | 3 studies · 5685 participants | High |
Hypofractionated radiation therapy vs conventionally fractionated radiation therapy Late subcutaneous toxicity · women treated with breast conserving therapy for early breast cancer Hypofractionated radiation therapy for early breast cancer (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.93 [0.83, 1.05] | 4 studies · 5130 participants | High |
Hypofractionated radiation therapy vs conventionally fractionated radiation therapy Breast cancer‐specific survival (BC‐SS) at 10 years · women treated with breast conserving therapy for early breast cancer Hypofractionated radiation therapy for early breast cancer (2016) · Cochrane | HR 0.91 [0.78, 1.06] | 3 studies · 5685 participants | High |
Hypofractionated radiation therapy vs conventionally fractionated radiation therapy Relapse‐free survival (RFS) at 10 years · women treated with breast conserving therapy for early breast cancer Hypofractionated radiation therapy for early breast cancer (2016) · Cochrane | HR 0.93 [0.82, 1.05] | 3 studies · 5685 participants | Moderate |
Hypofractionated radiation therapy vs conventionally fractionated radiation therapy Mastectomy rate ‐ not measured · women treated with breast conserving therapy for early breast cancer Hypofractionated radiation therapy for early breast cancer (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Exercise vs control Physical fitness · women receiving adjuvant therapy (chemo‐ or radiotherapy or both) for breast cancer Exercise for women receiving adjuvant therapy for breast cancer (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 15 studies · 1310 participants | Moderate |
Exercise vs control Fatigue · women receiving adjuvant therapy (chemo‐ or radiotherapy or both) for breast cancer Exercise for women receiving adjuvant therapy for breast cancer (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 19 studies · 1698 participants | Moderate |
Exercise vs control Cancer‐specific quality of life · women receiving adjuvant therapy (chemo‐ or radiotherapy or both) for breast cancer Exercise for women receiving adjuvant therapy for breast cancer (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 1012 participants | Moderate |
Exercise vs control Health‐related quality of life · women receiving adjuvant therapy (chemo‐ or radiotherapy or both) for breast cancer Exercise for women receiving adjuvant therapy for breast cancer (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 68 participants | Low |
Exercise vs control Cancer site‐specific quality of life · women receiving adjuvant therapy (chemo‐ or radiotherapy or both) for breast cancer Exercise for women receiving adjuvant therapy for breast cancer (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 262 participants | Low |
Exercise vs control Depression · women receiving adjuvant therapy (chemo‐ or radiotherapy or both) for breast cancer Exercise for women receiving adjuvant therapy for breast cancer (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 674 participants | Moderate |
Exercise vs control Cognitive function · women receiving adjuvant therapy (chemo‐ or radiotherapy or both) for breast cancer Exercise for women receiving adjuvant therapy for breast cancer (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 213 participants | Low |
Exercise vs control Lymphoedema · women receiving adjuvant therapy (chemo‐ or radiotherapy or both) for breast cancer Exercise for women receiving adjuvant therapy for breast cancer (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 436 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Overall survival · women with breast cancer Nipple‐ and areola‐sparing mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer (2016) · Cochrane | HR 0.72 [0.46, 1.13] | 2 studies · 1202 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Local recurrence · women with breast cancer Nipple‐ and areola‐sparing mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer (2016) · Cochrane | HR 0.28 [0.12, 0.68] | 2 studies · 1311 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Overall complications · women with breast cancer Nipple‐ and areola‐sparing mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.1 [0.01, 0.82] | 2 studies · 1067 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Skin necrosis · women with breast cancer Nipple‐ and areola‐sparing mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer (2016) · Cochrane | RR 4.22 [0.59, 30.03] | 4 studies · 1948 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Infection · women with breast cancer Nipple‐ and areola‐sparing mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.95 [0.44, 2.09] | 2 studies · 496 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Overall survival · women with breast cancer Nipple‐ and areola‐sparing mastectomy for the treatment of breast cancer (2016) · Cochrane | HR 0.7 [0.28, 1.72] | 2 studies · 781 participants | Very low |
Textured vs smooth implants Capsular contracture Number of women with capsular contracture · women having reconstructive breast surgery Different types of implants for reconstructive breast surgery (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.14, 4.71] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Anatomical vs round implants Reintervention Number of women with reintervention · women having reconstructive breast surgery Different types of implants for reconstructive breast surgery (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.5 [0.51, 4.43] | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Variable‐ vs fixed‐volume implants Patient satisfaction: correspondence to expectations Number of women reporting correspondence with expectation · women having reconstructive breast surgery Different types of implants for reconstructive breast surgery (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.25 [0.1, 0.62] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Variable‐ vs fixed‐volume implants Patient satisfaction: aesthetic results Rating scale from 1 to 6 (1 being very bad and 6 being very good) · women having reconstructive breast surgery Different types of implants for reconstructive breast surgery (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Variable‐ vs fixed‐volume implants Reintervention Number of women with re intervention · women having reconstructive breast surgery Different types of implants for reconstructive breast surgery (2016) · Cochrane | RR 7 [1.82, 26.89] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
Textured vs smooth implants Reintervention Number of women with reinterventions · women having reconstructive breast surgery Different types of implants for reconstructive breast surgery (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.14, 4.71] | 1 study · 20 participants | Very low |
Silicone‐filled vs saline‐filled implants Capsular contracture Number of women with capsular contracture · women having reconstructive breast surgery Different types of implants for reconstructive breast surgery (2016) · Cochrane | RR 3.25 [1.24, 8.51] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
Silicone‐filled vs saline‐filled implants Patient satisfaction for consistency Number of women satisfied · women having reconstructive breast surgery Different types of implants for reconstructive breast surgery (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.6 [0.41, 0.88] | 1 study · 58 participants | Very low |
Silicone‐filled vs saline‐filled implants Reintervention Number of women with reintervention · women having reconstructive breast surgery Different types of implants for reconstructive breast surgery (2016) · Cochrane | OR 0.08 [0.01, 0.43] | 1 study · 60 participants | Very low |
PVP‐hydrogel‐filled vs saline‐filled implants Capsular contracture Number of women with capsular contracture · women having reconstructive breast surgery Different types of implants for reconstructive breast surgery (2016) · Cochrane | RR 3.5 [0.83, 14.83] | 1 study · 40 participants | Very low |
PVP‐hydrogel‐filled vs saline‐filled implants Short‐term complications Number of women with at least one short‐term complication · women having reconstructive breast surgery Different types of implants for reconstructive breast surgery (2016) · Cochrane | RR 2.1 [0.21, 21.39] | 1 study · 41 participants | Very low |
Anatomical vs round implants Capsular contracture Number of women with capsular contracture · women having reconstructive breast surgery Different types of implants for reconstructive breast surgery (2016) · Cochrane | RR 2 [0.2, 20.15] | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Anatomical vs round implants Short‐term complications Number of women with at least one short‐term complication · women having reconstructive breast surgery Different types of implants for reconstructive breast surgery (2016) · Cochrane | RR 2 [0.42, 9.58] | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Time to event (Lymphoedema) volumetry · patients at risk for secondary upper limb lymphoedema after breast cancer treatment Conservative interventions for preventing clinically detectable upper‐limb lymphoedema in patients who are… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 270 participants | Very low |
Early shoulder mobilising exercises vs delayed shoulder mobilising exercises Shoulder range of motion for abduction ‐ medium term · patients at risk for secondary upper limb lymphoedema after breast cancer treatment Conservative interventions for preventing clinically detectable upper‐limb lymphoedema in patients who are… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 378 participants | Very low |
Early shoulder mobilising exercises vs delayed shoulder mobilising exercises Shoulder range of motion for forward flexion ‐ short term · patients at risk for secondary upper limb lymphoedema after breast cancer treatment Conservative interventions for preventing clinically detectable upper‐limb lymphoedema in patients who are… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 262 participants | Low |
Early shoulder mobilising exercises vs delayed shoulder mobilising exercises Shoulder range of motion for forward flexion ‐ medium term · patients at risk for secondary upper limb lymphoedema after breast cancer treatment Conservative interventions for preventing clinically detectable upper‐limb lymphoedema in patients who are… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 321 participants | Very low |
Early shoulder mobilising exercises vs delayed shoulder mobilising exercises Shoulder range of motion for external rotation ‐ medium term · patients at risk for secondary upper limb lymphoedema after breast cancer treatment Conservative interventions for preventing clinically detectable upper‐limb lymphoedema in patients who are… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 378 participants | Very low |
Early shoulder mobilising exercises vs delayed shoulder mobilising exercises Shoulder range of motion for internal rotation ‐ medium term · patients at risk for secondary upper limb lymphoedema after breast cancer treatment Conservative interventions for preventing clinically detectable upper‐limb lymphoedema in patients who are… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 378 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Lymphoedema Volumetry · patients at risk for secondary upper limb lymphoedema after breast cancer treatment Conservative interventions for preventing clinically detectable upper‐limb lymphoedema in patients who are… (2015) · Cochrane | RR 0.58 [0.3, 1.13] | 2 studies · 351 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Lymphoedema ‐ short term · patients at risk for secondary upper limb lymphoedema after breast cancer treatment Conservative interventions for preventing clinically detectable upper‐limb lymphoedema in patients who are… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 226 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Lymphoedema ‐ medium term · patients at risk for secondary upper limb lymphoedema after breast cancer treatment Conservative interventions for preventing clinically detectable upper‐limb lymphoedema in patients who are… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 385 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Shoulder range of motion for abduction ‐ short term · patients at risk for secondary upper limb lymphoedema after breast cancer treatment Conservative interventions for preventing clinically detectable upper‐limb lymphoedema in patients who are… (2015) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 183 participants | Low |