Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

948 questions · 998 findings · 100 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 233 · 23.3%GRADE not reported 40 · 4%Very low 203 · 20.3%Low 271 · 27.2%Moderate 176 · 17.6%High 75 · 7.5%

Vitamin D 100,000 IU/month vs 12,000 IU/month

Adverse events · people with sickle cell disease

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 62 participants
Low

Vitamin D 100,000 IU/month vs 12,000 IU/month

Pain: presence of pain (slight or moderate) at 1 year · people with sickle cell disease

Vitamin D 100,000 IU/month showed no clear difference in presence of pain compared with 12,000 IU/month (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.62, 1.62]
1 study · 62 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D 100,000 IU/month vs 12,000 IU/month

Acute chest syndrome ( · people with sickle cell disease

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 62 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D 100,000 IU/month vs 12,000 IU/month

Respiratory infections · people with sickle cell disease

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 62 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D 100,000 IU/month vs 12,000 IU/month

HRQoL (using a validated scale) · people with sickle cell disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D 100,000 IU/month vs 12,000 IU/month

Total body BMD measured by DEXA (% change from baseline) · people with sickle cell disease

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for sickle cell disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin B12 supplementation vs no supplementation or placebo

Maternal vitamin B12 deficiency · pregnant women

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin B12 supplementation changes maternal vitamin B12 deficiency compared with placebo/no vitamin B12 supplementation (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin B12 supplementation during pregnancy for maternal and child health outcomes 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.38 [0.28, 0.51]
2 studies · 272 participants
Very low

Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo or no intervention

Maternal adverse events · pregnant women and their infants..

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo or no intervention

Preterm birth · pregnant women and their infants..

Vitamin D + calcium supplementation may leads to higher preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.52 [1.01, 2.28]
5 studies · 942 participants
Low

Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo or no intervention

Low birthweight · pregnant women and their infants..

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D + calcium supplementation changes low birthweight (less than 2500 g) compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.68 [0.1, 4.55]
2 studies · 110 participants
Very low

Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo or no intervention

Pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women and their infants..

Vitamin D + calcium supplementation probably leads to lower pre‐eclampsia compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.5 [0.32, 0.78]
4 studies · 1174 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D plus calcium vs placebo or no intervention

Gestational diabetes · pregnant women and their infants..

It is very uncertain whether vitamin D + calcium supplementation changes gestational diabetes compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.84]
1 study · 54 participants
Very low

A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher vs 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients

Pre‐eclampsia · women during pregnancy

A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher showed no clear difference in pre‐eclampsia compared with 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens of vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.65, 1.42]
5 studies · 1553 participants
Low

A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher vs 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients

Gestational diabetes · women during pregnancy

A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher probably leads to lower gestational diabetes compared with 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens of vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.54 [0.34, 0.86]
5 studies · 1846 participants
Moderate

A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher vs 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients

Preterm birth · women during pregnancy

A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher showed no clear difference in preterm birth compared with 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens of vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.25 [0.92, 1.69]
4 studies · 2294 participants
Low

A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher vs 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients

Low birthweight · women during pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether A dose of vitamin D 601 IU or higher changes low birthweight compared with 600 IU or lower alone or with other nutrients (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens of vitamin D supplementation for women during pregnancy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.66, 1.24]
4 studies · 1550 participants
Very low

Vitamin D vs placebo

Rate of exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma

Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin D showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with one or more exacerbations treated… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D for the management of asthma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.04 [0.81, 1.34]
14 studies · 1778 participants
High

Vitamin D vs placebo

Patients with severe exacerbations (requiring hospitalisation or ER visit) · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma

Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin D showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with one or more exacerbations requiring… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D for the management of asthma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.56 [0.26, 1.21]
9 studies · 1070 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D vs placebo

Asthma control · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D for the management of asthma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 1271 participants
Moderate

Vitamin D vs placebo

FEV1 % predicted · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin D for the management of asthma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 1286 participants
High