Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,756 questions · 13,493 findings · 1,305 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 2,594 · 19.2%GRADE not reported 728 · 5.4%Very low 2,868 · 21.3%Low 3,777 · 28%Moderate 2,620 · 19.4%High 906 · 6.7%

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Topical ophthalmic anesthetic plus NSAID vs placebo

Proportion of participants without complete resolution of epithelial defects by 24 to 72 hours · corneal abrasion (post‐surgical)

It is very uncertain whether topical ophthalmic anesthetic plus NSAID changes proportion of participants without complete resolution of epithelial… compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

Blood transfusion · Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Topical TXA probably leads to lower blood transfusion compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

Stone‐free rate · Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Topical TXA showed no clear difference in stone‐free rate compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

Thromboembolic events · Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Topical TXA showed no clear difference in thromboembolic events compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antifibrinolytic therapy - locally-applied tranexamic acid (TXA) mouthwash/solution (SoF eligibility: TXA or EACA; all included trials used topical TXA) vs placebo or usual care

Major surgical complications · Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Topical TXA showed no clear difference in major surgical complications compared with no TXA (placebo or usual care) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review