Quality of life (< 1 month post intervention) ‐ social functioning · adult patients with substance dependence
1 finding from 1 review
acceptability ‐ drop‐outs due to adverse events: post‐intervention · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)
It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes acceptability ‐ drop‐outs due to adverse events: post‐intervention compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Acceptability · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)
It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes acceptability ‐ drop‐outs due to any cause: post‐intervention compared with placebo (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Incidence of depression ‐ post‐intervention: 0 months · adults with long‐term physical conditions (18 years or older)
It is very uncertain whether pharmacological interventions changes incidence of depression ‐ post‐intervention: 0 months compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical recovery ‐ harmful or hazardous alcohol use (1 to 6 months post intervention) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use
Lay health worker‐led interventions for adult patients with harmful… showed no clear difference in clinical recovery ‐ harmful or hazardous alcohol use (1 to 6 months… compared with enhanced usual care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Prevalence of methamphetamine use (1 to 6 months post intervention) (RR < 1 denotes lower prevalence compared to control) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use
Lay health worker‐led interventions for adult patients with harmful… showed no clear difference in prevalence of methamphetamine use (1 to 6 months post intervention)… compared with enhanced usual care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical symptoms ‐ alcohol use (1 to 6 months post intervention) ‐ risk of hazardous or harmful alcohol use · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical symptoms ‐ alcohol and substance use (1 to 6 months post intervention) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use
1 finding from 1 review
Functional impairment · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use
1 finding from 1 review
Service utilisation ‐ unplanned hospitalisations (1 to 6 months post intervention) (RR < 1 denotes lower risk) · adult patients with harmful or hazardous alcohol or substance use
It is very uncertain whether lay health worker‐led interventions for adult patients with harmful… changes service utilisation ‐ unplanned hospitalisations (1 to 6 months post… compared with enhanced usual care (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Improvement in child conduct problems or disruptive behaviour · subgroups of children with conduct problems
1 finding from 1 review
Any adverse events · subgroups of children with conduct problems
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Personalised treatment outcomes, relevant to each subgroup · subgroups of children with conduct problems
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Parenting skills and knowledge · subgroups of children with conduct problems
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Pharmacotherapy + behavioural support vs neither · smoking cessation in hospitalised patients
Hospital‐only intervention leads to higher pharmacotherapy + behavioural support vs neither compared with intervention that continues after hospital discharge (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Behavioural support ‐ asynchronous** · smoking cessation in hospitalised patients
It is very uncertain whether hospital‐only intervention changes behavioural support ‐ asynchronous** compared with intervention that continues after hospital discharge (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Behavioural support ‐ synchronous** · smoking cessation in hospitalised patients
Hospital‐only intervention showed no clear difference in behavioural support ‐ synchronous** compared with intervention that continues after hospital discharge (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Different comparators · alcohol use disorder
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 participants
GRADE not reported
Harmful alcohol use ‐ not measured · alcohol use disorder
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
2 findings from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Retention [ · alcohol use disorder
Pharmacologic intervention showed no clear difference in retention compared with another pharmacologic intervention (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review