Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

169 questions · 174 findings · 18 reviews · Skin

No studies found 53 · 30.5%GRADE not reported 13 · 7.5%Very low 23 · 13.2%Low 41 · 23.6%Moderate 34 · 19.5%High 10 · 5.7%

Imiquimod vs MAL‐PDT

Number of patients with moderate/severe pain (1 hour postoperatively) · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin

Imiquimod cream probably leads to lower pain (moderate/severe) compared with MAL‐PDT (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Imiquimod vs MAL‐PDT

Early treatment failure · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin

Imiquimod cream showed no clear difference in early treatment failure compared with MAL‐PDT (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Imiquimod vs surgical excision

Recurrence · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin

Imiquimod probably leads to higher recurrence at 3 years compared with surgical excision (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Imiquimod vs surgical excision

Number of patients with moderate/severe pain (1 hour postoperatively) · adults with basal cell carcinoma of the skin

Imiquimod showed no clear difference in pain (moderate/severe) compared with surgical excision (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Contact immunotherapy (diphencyprone or squaric acid dibutil ester) vs hair growth stimulants (minoxidil)

Short‐term hair regrowth ≥ 75% (between 12 and 26 weeks of · adults with alopecia areata

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Contact immunotherapy (diphencyprone or… changes short‐term hair regrowth ≥ 75% (between 12 and 26 weeks of compared with hair growth stimulants (minoxidil) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Azelaic acid vs tretinoin

Participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Good to excellent improvement (long term: treatment duration > 8 weeks) · participants with acne

Azelaic acid showed no clear difference in participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Good to… compared with tretinoin (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Salicylic acid vs tretinoin

Participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Moderate to excellent improvement (long term: treatment duration > 8 weeks) · participants with acne

Salicylic acid showed no clear difference in participants' global self‐assessment of acne improvement Moderate to… compared with tretinoin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical ketanserin (2%) vs clioquinol cream (3%) or zinc paste

Ulcer healing · ulceration caused by nerve damage in leprosy

It is very uncertain whether topical ketanserin (2%) changes primary outcome: healing of ulcers (healing of ulcer at 3 months) compared with clioquinol cream (3%) or zinc paste (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review