Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals showed no clear difference in preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) compared with calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) (low certainty).
Vitamin D + calcium + other vitamins and minerals showed no clear difference in low birthweight (less than 2500 g) compared with calcium + other vitamins and minerals (but no vitamin D) (low certainty).
Vitamin D supplementation probably leads to lower gestational diabetes compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).
Vitamin D supplementation may leads to lower maternal adverse events: severe postpartum haemorrhage compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether vitamin D supplementation changes maternal adverse event: nephritic syndrome compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).
Vitamin D supplementation showed no clear difference in preterm birth (less than 37 weeks' gestation) compared with placebo or no intervention (low certainty).
Vitamin D supplementation probably leads to lower low birthweight (less than 2500 g) compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).
Vitamin D + calcium supplementation probably leads to lower pre‐eclampsia compared with placebo or no intervention (moderate certainty).
It is very uncertain whether vitamin D + calcium supplementation changes gestational diabetes compared with placebo or no intervention (very low certainty).
Continuous glucose monitoring may leads to lower hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (including pre‐eclampsia,… compared with intermittent glucose monitoring (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether self‐monitoring at home changes caesarean section compared with hospitalisation (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether self‐monitoring at home changes perinatal mortality (stillbirth and neonatal mortality) compared with hospitalisation (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether pre‐prandial changes caesarean section compared with post‐prandial glucose monitoring (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether pre‐prandial changes large‐for‐gestational age compared with post‐prandial glucose monitoring (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether pre‐prandial changes perinatal mortality (stillbirth and neonatal mortality) compared with post‐prandial glucose monitoring (very low certainty).