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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
731 questions in 61 reviews · Drugs and Alcohol
current versionsNo studies 57 · 7.8%Ungraded 39 · 5.3%Very low 186 · 25.4%Low 239 · 32.7%Moderate 171 · 23.4%High 39 · 5.3%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of findings table – disulfiram vs placebo or no pharmacological treatment Frequency of cocaine use (mean number of days or weeks of cocaine use at the end of treatment) · people with cocaine dependence Disulfiram for the treatment of cocaine dependence (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 818 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table – disulfiram vs naltrexone Continuous abstinence from cocaine (number of participants who had achieved and maintained abstinence for at least three weeks at the end of treatment) · people with cocaine dependence Disulfiram for the treatment of cocaine dependence (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table – disulfiram vs naltrexone Point abstinence (number of participants who were abstinent at the end of the treatment) · people with cocaine dependence Disulfiram for the treatment of cocaine dependence (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table – disulfiram vs naltrexone Dropout for any reason (number of participants who did not complete treatment) · people with cocaine dependence Disulfiram for the treatment of cocaine dependence (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.86 [0.56, 1.32] | 3 studies · 131 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table – disulfiram vs naltrexone Dropout due to adverse events (number of participants who did not complete treatment due to adverse events) · people with cocaine dependence Disulfiram for the treatment of cocaine dependence (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.5 [0.07, 3.55] | 1 study · 8 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table – disulfiram vs naltrexone Any adverse events (number of participants who experienced at least one adverse event) · people with cocaine dependence Disulfiram for the treatment of cocaine dependence (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table – disulfiram vs placebo or no pharmacological treatment Amount of cocaine use (mean weight of cocaine used or money spent on cocaine at the end of treatment) · people with cocaine dependence Disulfiram for the treatment of cocaine dependence (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 376 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table – disulfiram vs placebo or no pharmacological treatment Continuous abstinence from cocaine (number of participants who had achieved and maintained abstinence for at least three weeks at the end of treatment) · people with cocaine dependence Disulfiram for the treatment of cocaine dependence (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.23 [0.8, 1.91] | 5 studies · 386 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table – disulfiram vs placebo or no pharmacological treatment Point abstinence (number of participants who were abstinent at the end of the treatment) · people with cocaine dependence Disulfiram for the treatment of cocaine dependence (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.58 [1.05, 2.36] | 2 studies · 142 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table – disulfiram vs placebo or no pharmacological treatment Dropout for any reason (number of participants who did not complete treatment) · people with cocaine dependence Disulfiram for the treatment of cocaine dependence (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.2 [0.92, 1.55] | 10 studies · 841 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table – disulfiram vs placebo or no pharmacological treatment Dropout due to adverse events (number of participants who did not complete treatment due to adverse events) · people with cocaine dependence Disulfiram for the treatment of cocaine dependence (2024) · Cochrane | RR 12.97 [0.77, 218.37] | 1 study · 67 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table – disulfiram vs placebo or no pharmacological treatment Any adverse events (number of participants who experienced at least one adverse event) · people with cocaine dependence Disulfiram for the treatment of cocaine dependence (2024) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.35, 25.68] | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table – disulfiram vs naltrexone Frequency of cocaine use (mean number of days or weeks of cocaine use at the end of treatment) · people with cocaine dependence Disulfiram for the treatment of cocaine dependence (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 123 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table – disulfiram vs naltrexone Amount of cocaine use (mean weight of cocaine used or money spent on cocaine at the end of treatment) · people with cocaine dependence Disulfiram for the treatment of cocaine dependence (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 123 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs no intervention Dropouts · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.74, 0.91] | 29 studies · 4049 participants | High |
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs treatment Point abstinence, longest · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.31 [0.86, 1.99] | 2 studies · 124 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs treatment Continuous abstinence, end of treatment · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.18 [0.92, 1.53] | 1 study · 128 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs treatment Frequency of drug intake, end of treatment · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 479 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs treatment Longest period of abstinence · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 110 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs treatment Continuous abstinence, longest · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs no intervention Point abstinence, end of treatment · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.15 [0.94, 1.41] | 12 studies · 1293 participants | High |
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs no intervention Point abstinence, longest · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.22 [0.91, 1.62] | 9 studies · 1187 participants | High |
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs no intervention Continuous abstinence, end of treatment · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.89 [1.2, 2.97] | 12 studies · 1770 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs no intervention Continuous abstinence, longest · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [0.85, 1.54] | 3 studies · 266 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs no intervention Frequency of drug intake, end of treatment · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 9 studies · 1186 participants | High |
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs no intervention Longest period of abstinence · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 17 studies · 2118 participants | High |
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs treatment Dropouts · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.65, 0.97] | 9 studies · 735 participants | High |
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs treatment Point abstinence, end of treatment · adults with stimulant use disorder Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.67 [0.64, 4.31] | 1 study · 128 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs treatment Number of continuously abstinent women ‐ total · stopping or reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy Psychosocial and medication interventions to stop or reduce alcohol consumption during pregnancy (2024) · Cochrane | RR 1.34 [1.14, 1.57] | 3 studies · 378 participants | Low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs treatment Number of drinks per day ‐ total · stopping or reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy Psychosocial and medication interventions to stop or reduce alcohol consumption during pregnancy (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 157 participants | Very low |
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs treatment Number of women who completed treatment ‐ total · stopping or reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy Psychosocial and medication interventions to stop or reduce alcohol consumption during pregnancy (2024) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.94, 1.02] | 7 studies · 1283 participants | Moderate |
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs treatment Adverse events ‐ not measured · stopping or reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy Psychosocial and medication interventions to stop or reduce alcohol consumption during pregnancy (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of findings table ‐ Any psychosocial intervention vs treatment Withdrawal signs and symptoms ‐ not measured · stopping or reducing alcohol consumption during pregnancy Psychosocial and medication interventions to stop or reduce alcohol consumption during pregnancy (2024) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Motivational interviewing vs no intervention Extent of substance use post‐intervention · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents) Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 471 participants | Low |
Motivational interviewing vs treatment Extent of substance use at long‐term · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents) Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 8 studies · 1449 participants | Low |
Motivational interviewing vs treatment Readiness to change (0‐ to 3‐month · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents) Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 150 participants | Very low |
Motivational interviewing vs treatment Retention in treatment(0‐ to 12‐month · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents) Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 1295 participants | Very low |
Motivational interviewing vs assessment and feedback Extent of substance use post‐intervention · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents) Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Motivational interviewing vs assessment and feedback Extent of substance use at short‐term · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents) Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 7 studies · 854 participants | Low |
Motivational interviewing vs assessment and feedback Extent of substance use at medium‐term · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents) Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 6 studies · 688 participants | Moderate |
Motivational interviewing vs assessment and feedback Extent of substance use at long‐term · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents) Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 448 participants | Moderate |
Motivational interviewing vs assessment and feedback Readiness to change · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents) Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Motivational interviewing vs assessment and feedback Retention in treatment · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents) Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Motivational interviewing vs other active intervention Extent of substance use post‐intervention · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents) Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 338 participants | Low |
Motivational interviewing vs no intervention Extent of substance use at short‐term · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents) Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 19 studies · 3351 participants | Very low |
Motivational interviewing vs other active intervention Extent of substance use at short‐term · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents) Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 18 studies · 2795 participants | Low |
Motivational interviewing vs other active intervention Extent of substance use at medium‐term · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents) Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 15 studies · 2352 participants | Low |
Motivational interviewing vs other active intervention Extent of substance use at long‐term · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents) Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 10 studies · 1908 participants | Low |
Motivational interviewing vs other active intervention Readiness to change (0‐ to 3‐month · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents) Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 988 participants | Low |
Motivational interviewing vs other active intervention Retention in treatment (0‐ to 12‐ month · people with substance use (adults, young adults, adolescents) Motivational interviewing for substance use reduction (2023) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 12 studies · 1945 participants | Moderate |