Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,490 questions · 1,526 findings · 124 reviews

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No studies found 263 · 17.2%GRADE not reported 224 · 14.7%Very low 292 · 19.1%Low 327 · 21.4%Moderate 286 · 18.7%High 134 · 8.8%

d4T vs AZT

All‐cause mortality · patients with initial treatment of HIV infection in antiretroviral‐naive individuals

It is very uncertain whether d4T changes mortality compared with AZT (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Stavudine or zidovudine in three‐drug combination therapy for initial treatment of HIV infection in… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.36 [0.34, 5.42]
6 studies · 1179 participants
Very low

d4T vs AZT

Clinical progression · patients with initial treatment of HIV infection in antiretroviral‐naive individuals

d4T showed no clear difference in clinical progression compared with AZT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Stavudine or zidovudine in three‐drug combination therapy for initial treatment of HIV infection in… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.78 [0.28, 2.13]
7 studies · 719 participants
Low

d4T vs AZT

Severe adverse events · patients with initial treatment of HIV infection in antiretroviral‐naive individuals

d4T showed no clear difference in severe adverse events compared with AZT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Stavudine or zidovudine in three‐drug combination therapy for initial treatment of HIV infection in… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [0.97, 1.4]
9 studies · 1363 participants
Low

d4T vs AZT

Virologic response · patients with initial treatment of HIV infection in antiretroviral‐naive individuals

d4T showed no clear difference in virologic response compared with AZT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Stavudine or zidovudine in three‐drug combination therapy for initial treatment of HIV infection in… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.03 [0.88, 1.19]
12 studies · 2157 participants
Low

d4T vs AZT

Adherence/tolerability/retention · patients with initial treatment of HIV infection in antiretroviral‐naive individuals

d4T showed no clear difference in adherence/tolerability/retention compared with AZT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Stavudine or zidovudine in three‐drug combination therapy for initial treatment of HIV infection in… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.94 [0.84, 1.05]
12 studies · 2157 participants
Low

d4T vs AZT

Immunologic response · patients with initial treatment of HIV infection in antiretroviral‐naive individuals

1 finding from 1 review

Stavudine or zidovudine in three‐drug combination therapy for initial treatment of HIV infection in… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 1537 participants
Low

d4T vs AZT

Drug resistance · patients with initial treatment of HIV infection in antiretroviral‐naive individuals

It is very uncertain whether d4T changes drug resistance compared with AZT (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Stavudine or zidovudine in three‐drug combination therapy for initial treatment of HIV infection in… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.66 [0.25, 1.73]
1 study · 174 participants
Very low

TDF vs AZT

Serious adverse events · patients with initial ART

TDF showed no clear difference in serious adverse events compared with AZT (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tenofovir or zidovudine in three‐drug combination therapy with one nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and one… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.6, 1.43]
2 studies · 586 participants
High

TDF vs AZT

Virologic response · patients with initial ART

TDF showed no clear difference in virologic response compared with AZT (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tenofovir or zidovudine in three‐drug combination therapy with one nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and one… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.04 [0.17, 24.84]
2 studies · 586 participants
High

TDF vs AZT

Adherence/tolerability/retention · patients with initial ART

TDF probably leads to higher adherence/tolerability/retention compared with AZT (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tenofovir or zidovudine in three‐drug combination therapy with one nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and one… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.17 [1.06, 1.29]
2 studies · 586 participants
Moderate

TDF vs AZT

Immunological response · patients with initial ART

1 finding from 1 review

Tenofovir or zidovudine in three‐drug combination therapy with one nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and one… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 515 participants
Moderate

TDF vs AZT

Drug resistance · patients with initial ART

It is very uncertain whether TDF changes drug resistance compared with AZT (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tenofovir or zidovudine in three‐drug combination therapy with one nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and one… 2010 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 20.43 [1.24, 335.9]
1 study · 71 participants
Very low

Fluoride mouthrinse (0.05-0.32% sodium fluoride or amine fluoride) added to daily fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride mouthrinse

Caries increment on permanent tooth surfaces (D(M)FS), prevented fraction · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
Nearest to 3 years
PF 0.05 [-0.05, 0.15]
4 studies · 1678 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride mouthrinse (0.05-0.32% sodium fluoride or amine fluoride) added to daily fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride mouthrinse

Unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

Fluoride mouthrinse combined with fluoride toothpaste showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) compared with fluoride mouthrinse alone; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 0.88 [0.67, 1.17]
3 studies · 1697 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride gel combined with fluoride mouthrinse vs Fluoride gel

Unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

Fluoride gel combined with fluoride mouthrinse showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) compared with fluoride gel alone; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 1.00 [0.72, 1.40]
1 study · 344 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride mouthrinse, gel or varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste (any combined regimen) vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

Adverse effects (tooth staining and other side effects) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
Adverse-effect data scarcely reported: a stain score in one trial and 'any side effects' in one trial without complete or useable data (stated 'no side effects observed in both groups'). No useful information on tooth…
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Fluoride varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride varnish

Unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

Fluoride varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) compared with fluoride varnish alone; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 0.75 [0.22, 2.59]
1 study · 196 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride gel combined with fluoride mouthrinse vs Fluoride gel

Caries increment on permanent tooth surfaces (D(M)FS), prevented fraction · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
Nearest to 3 years
PF 0.23 [0.04, 0.43]
2 studies · 497 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

Unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

Fluoride varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) compared with fluoride toothpaste alone; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 1.29 [0.61, 2.71]
2 studies · 294 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride mouthrinse, gel or varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste (any combined regimen) vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

Adverse effects: dental fluorosis · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
Fluorosis data have not been reported in any of the trials.
0 studies
No studies found