Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

334 questions · 356 findings · 30 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 133 · 37.4%GRADE not reported 9 · 2.5%Very low 102 · 28.7%Low 73 · 20.5%Moderate 36 · 10.1%High 3 · 0.8%

Patient‐reported health information interventions vs comparisons to improve professional performance

Patient satisfaction Number of satisfied patients · general patient population, "at risk" patient population and patient population with a specific condition or disease

It is very uncertain whether patient‐reported health information interventions changes patient satisfaction Number of satisfied patients (0‐3 months compared with comparisons to improve professional performance (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Health‐promotion interventions within community pharmacy vs usual treatment alone

Pharmacy user intermediate clinical outcomes e.g. cholesterol, glycated haemoglobin5 (Lower scores indicate a better outcome) · community pharmacy workers (examples pharmacists, counter assistants etc), community pharmacy users
1 finding from 1 review

Health‐promotion interventions within community pharmacy vs usual treatment alone

Pharmacy user event‐based clinical outcomes e.g. stroke, myocardial infarction · community pharmacy workers (examples pharmacists, counter assistants etc), community pharmacy users
1 finding from 1 review

Implementation interventions vs no intervention

Patient adherence to recommended treatment: number of outdoor journeys per week at 6 months · healthcare professionals providing stroke rehabilitation

Implementation interventions showed no clear difference in patient adherence to recommended treatment: number of outdoor… compared with no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Implementation interventions vs no intervention

HRQoL at 6 or 12 months · healthcare professionals providing stroke rehabilitation

Implementation interventions showed no clear difference in patient health status: HRQoL (EQ‐5D: –0.59 to 1, higher score… compared with no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Implementation interventions vs no intervention

Patient health status: ADL (Barthel Index, 0–20, higher score = better) at up to 6 months · healthcare professionals providing stroke rehabilitation

Implementation interventions showed no clear difference in patient health status: ADL (Barthel Index, 0–20, higher score =… compared with no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Implementation interventions vs no intervention

Patient health status: psychological well‐being (GHQ‐12, 0–36, higher score = worse) at up to 6 months · healthcare professionals providing stroke rehabilitation

Implementation interventions showed no clear difference in patient health status: psychological well‐being (GHQ‐12, 0–36,… compared with no intervention (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Organisational interventions vs usual care

Hospital admissions · adults receiving medication in primary care

It is very uncertain whether organisational interventions changes number of hospital admissions compared with standard/usual care (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review